Question

What are the three guiding principles of ethical research described in the Belmont Report?

Answer 1

BELMONT REPORT WAS CREATED BY NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS OF BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL RESEARCH,

BELMONT REPORT DESCRIBES THE ETHICAL PRINCIPLE AND THE RESEARCH GUIDELINES IN HUMAN PROJECT.

AND THREE CORE PRINCIPLE THAT IDENTIFIED WAS:

1. RESPECT FOR PERSON

2. BENEFICENCE

3. JUSTICE

AND ALSO THE PRIMARY AREAS OF APPLICATION OF THESE PRINCIPALS WERE IDENTIFIED.

1. INFORMED CONSENT

2. ASSESSMENT OF RISK AND BENEFITS

3. SELECTION OF THE SUBJECT.

THIS REPORT WAS DEVELOPED DUR TO THE VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN TUSKEGEE INCIDENT AND IT WAS WRITTEN AND BASED ON NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS OF BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL RESEARCH.

IT WAS REVISED AND EXTENDED FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHT BY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION AND WELFARE IN BETWEEN 1970 TO 1980 AND ETHICAL PRINCIPLE AND GUIDELINES FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECT OF RESEARCH WAS CAME AND WAS NAMED IN FEDERAL REGISTER IN 1979 AND WAS NAMED BELMONT REPORT.

THE THREE GUIDELINES ARE

1. RESPECT FOR PERSON

ALL THE PARTICIPANTS SHOULD BE RESPECTED AND SHOULD BE TREATED WITH COURTESY, THEIR AUTONOMY SHOULD BE MAINTAINED AND THEY SHOULD BE ALLOWED FOR INFORMING CONSENT, A RESEARCHER MUST BE GENUINE WITHOUT BEING DECEPTIVE.

2. BENEFICENCE

' DO NOT HARM ' PHILOSOPHY SHOULD BE MAINTAINED AND THE MOTIVE SHOULD BE MAXIMUM UTILISATION OF THE PARTICIPANTS WITH LESS HARM AND NO HARM TO THEM.

3. JUSTICE

EVERY PARTICIPANT SHOULD BE TREATED FAIRLY WITHOUT ANY DISCRIMINATION AMD WITHOUT BEING EXPLOITED, EQUAL BENEFITS AND EQUAL COST DISTRIBUTION SHOULD BE MAINTAINED AMONG ALL THE PARTICIPANTS.

UNITED STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES APPROVED THESE THREE PRINCIPLES GIVEN BY BELMONT AS A BASIS FOR THE REGULATION OF HUMAN SUBJECT PROTECTION REGULATION.

THE REPORT GIVEN BY BELMONT IS AN IMPORTANT REVIEW AND IS USED AN REFERENCE FOR( INSTITUTIONAL BOARD REVIEWS) IN WHICH IT WAS STATED THAT WHILE PERFORMING RESEARCH ON HUMAN AND THE INVOLVEMENT OF HUMAN IN RESEARCH IN ANY MEANS SHOULD BE FAIR AND NO DISCRIMINATION AND THE VIOLATION OF ETHICS SHOULD BE PRACTICED.

FOR NURSES TO CONDUCT RESEARCH ON HUMAN BEING 7 IMPORTANT POINTS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED BEFORE PERFORMING RESEARCH, THESE LINES ARE MENTIONED BY BELMONT AND HIGHLIGHTED BY JENNIFER IN HER ARTICLE.

POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED ARE

1. IT SHOULD FULFILL THE GUIDELINES AND SHOULD BE APPROVED BY INSTITUTIONAL BOARD REVIEWS.

2. INFORMED CONSENT FROM THE PATIENT SHOULD BE TAKEN BEFORE CONDUCTING RESEARCH.

3. MAKE SURE THE CLIENT UNDERSTANDS THE CONTEXT AND IF THERE IS DIFFICULTY IN UNDERSTANDING HE WILL BE FREE TO CONSULT STUDY COORDINATOR.

4. BE SURE THAT THE PARTICIPATION OF THE PATIENT IS NOT DONE FORCEFULLY AND NOT BY THREATENING HIM.

5. IF THE EFFECT THAT COMES DOES NOT MATCH WITH THE EXPECTED RESULT SHOULD BE REPORTED TO THE COORDINATOR.

6. PATIENT SHOULD BE INDEPENDENT OF PARTICIPATING IN THE EXPERIMENT OR REFUSING.

7. MINIMAL CARE SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO THE PATIENT AND EXTREME CONDITION SHOULD NOT BE IGNORED BY THE NURSES WHILE CONDUCTING RESEARCH.