Question

Week 11 Psychological Disorders Discussion The diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders across the lifespan has changed with time. Discuss at least one point grounded in the nature/nurture debate that relates to how ADHD is currently diagnosed as well as how the treatment has changed as compared to earlier versions of the DSM. You may use Internet resources as well as your textbook. Please cite your resource(s). Response Posts: In your responses to your classmates, contribute to the discussion with your own original opinions or interpretation of the course materials.

Answer 1

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that makes it difficult for a person to pay attention and control impulsive behaviours. He or she may also be restless and almost constantly active. ADHD is not just a childhood disorder. Although the symptoms of ADHD begin in childhood, ADHD can continue through adolescence and adulthood.

ADHD can be diagnosed by their symptoms should also have a moderate effect on different areas of their life, such as:

• underachieving at work or in education
• driving dangerously
• difficulty making or keeping friends
• difficulty in relationships with partners

In 1902, an English paediatrician, Sir George Still, described a group of children who were disobedient, emotional, and uninhibited. He blamed these behaviours on biology, having discovered that some of the children had other family members with psychiatric disorders.

Early theories were that these children were the victims of poor parenting, and more discipline was the best treatment. As our knowledge of ADHD has evolved, so have the name of this commonly diagnosed disorder and recommended treatments for it.

By the latter part of the 20th century, ADHD was recognized as a true mental disorder but was thought to be due to brain damage.

Treatment consists of therapy

Treatments include medication and talk therapy.

Therapies:

*Support group

A forum for counselling and sharing experiences among people with a similar condition or goal, such as depression or weight loss.

*Cognitive behavioural therapy

A talk therapy focused on modifying negative thoughts, behaviours and emotional responses associated with psychological distress.

*Anger management

Practising mindfulness, coping mechanisms and trigger avoidance to minimise destructive emotional outbursts.

*Counselling psychology

A branch of psychology that treats personal problems related to school, work, family and social life.

*Psychoeducation

Education about mental health that also serves to support, validate and empower patients.

Family therapy

Psychological counselling helps families resolve conflicts and communicate more effectively.

*Applied behaviour analysis

A teaching method that helps autistic children learn socially significant skills by encouraging positive behaviour.

Medications:

*Stimulant

Increases neurotransmitter levels, heart rate and blood pressure. Decreases appetite and sleep.

*Cognition-enhancing medication

Improves mental function, lowers blood pressure and may balance mood.

*Antihypertensive drug

Lowers blood pressure.