Question

please answer all the questi

A patient admitted with type 2 diabetes asks the nurse what “type 2” means. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

“With type 2 diabetes, the body of the pancreas becomes inflamed.”

“With type 2 diabetes, the patient is totally dependent on an outside source of insulin.”

“With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased, and insulin resistance is increased.”

“With type 2 diabetes, the body produces autoantibodies that destroy β-cells in the pancreas.”

2. 2.

The nurse caring for a patient hospitalized with diabetes mellitus would look for which laboratory test result to obtain information on the patient’s past glucose control?

2. 1. Prealbumin level
   2. Urine ketone level
   3. Fasting glucose level
   4. Glycosylated hemoglobin level
3. 3.

The nurse has been teaching a patient with diabetes mellitus how to perform self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). During evaluation of the patient’s technique, the nurse identifies a need for additional teaching when the patient does what?

3. 1. Chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger pad
   2. Washes hands with soap and water to cleanse the site to be used
   3. Warms the finger before puncturing the finger to obtain a drop of blood
   4. Tells the nurse that the result of 110 mg/dL indicates good control of diabetes
4. 4.

The nurse is assigned to the care of a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In formulating a teaching plan that encourages the patient to actively participate in management of the diabetes, what should be the nurse’s initial intervention?

4. 1. Assess patient’s perception of what it means to have diabetes.
   2. Ask the patient to write down current knowledge about diabetes.
   3. Set goals for the patient to actively participate in managing his diabetes.
   4. Assume responsibility for all of the patient’s care to decrease stress level.
5. 5.

The nurse is teaching a patient who has diabetes about vascular complications of diabetes. What information is appropriate for the nurse to include?

5. 1. Macroangiopathy does not occur in type 1 diabetes but rather in type 2 diabetics who have severe disease.
   2. Microangiopathy is specific to diabetes and most commonly affects the capillary membranes of the eyes, kidneys, and skin.
   3. Renal damage resulting from changes in large- and medium-sized blood vessels can be prevented by careful glucose control.
   4. Macroangiopathy causes slowed gastric emptying and the sexual impotency experienced by a majority of patients with diabetes.
6. 6.

The nurse is evaluating a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which symptom reported by the patient correlates with the diagnosis?

6. 1. Excessive thirst
   2. Gradual weight gain
   3. Overwhelming fatigue
   4. Recurrent blurred vision
7. 7.

A patient with diabetes mellitus is scheduled for a fasting blood glucose level at 8:00 AM. The nurse instructs the patient to only drink water after what time?

7. 1. 6:00 PM on the evening before the test
   2. Midnight before the test
   3. 4:00 AM on the day of the test
   4. 7:00 AM on the day of the test
8. 8.

A patient, admitted with diabetes mellitus, has a glucose level of 380 mg/dL and a moderate level of ketones in the urine. As the nurse assesses for signs of ketoacidosis, which respiratory pattern would the nurse expect to find?

8. 1. Central apnea
   2. Hypoventilation
   3. Kussmaul respirations
   4. Cheyne-Stokes respirations
9. 9.

The nurse is assisting a patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to learn dietary planning as part of the initial management of diabetes. The nurse would encourage the patient to limit intake of which foods to help reduce the percent of fat in the diet?

9. 1. Cheese
   2. Broccoli
   3. Chicken
   4. Oranges
10. 10.

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient with a 15-year history of type 2 diabetes. Which result reflects the expected pattern accompanying macrovascular disease as a complication of diabetes?

10. 1. Increased triglyceride levels
    2. Increased high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
    3. Decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
    4. Decreased very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)
11. 11.

The nurse has taught a patient admitted with diabetes principles of foot care. The nurse evaluates that the patient understands the principles of foot care if the patient makes what statement?

11. 1. “I should only walk barefoot in nice dry weather.”
    2. “I should look at the condition of my feet every day.”
    3. “I am lucky my shoes fit so nice and tight because they give me firm support.”
    4. “When I am allowed up out of bed, I should check the shower water with my toes.”
12. 12.

The patient received regular insulin 10 units subcutaneously at 8:30 PM for a blood glucose level of 253 mg/dL. The nurse plans to monitor this patient for signs of hypoglycemia at which time related to the insulin’s peak action?

12. 1. 8:40 PM to 9:00 PM
    2. 9:00 PM to 11:30 PM
    3. 10:30 PM to 1:30 AM
    4. 12:30 AM to 8:30 AM
13. 13.

A patient is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and reports a headache, changes in vision, and being anxious but does not have a portable blood glucose monitor present. Which action should the nurse advise her to take?

13. 1. Eat a piece of pizza.
    2. Drink some diet pop.
    3. Eat 15 g of simple carbohydrates.
    4. Take an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin.
14. 14.

A patient with type 2 diabetes has a urinary tract infection (UTI), is difficult to arouse, and has a blood glucose of 642 mg/dL. When the nurse assesses the urine, there are no ketones present. What nursing action is appropriate at this time?

14. 1. Routine insulin therapy and exercise
    2. Administer a different antibiotic for the UTI.
    3. Cardiac monitoring to detect potassium changes
    4. Administer IV fluids rapidly to correct dehydration.
15. 15.

The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin. What should the nurse teach the patient to best explain how this medication works?

Increases insulin production from the pancreas

Slows the absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestine

Reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity

Increases insulin release from the pancreas, inhibits glucagon secretion, and decreases gastric emptying

16. 16.

The nurse is teaching a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus about exercise to help control blood glucose. The nurse knows the patient understands when the patient elicits which exercise plan?

16. 1. “I want to go fishing for 30 minutes each day; I will drink fluids and wear sunscreen.”
    2. “I will go running each day when my blood sugar is too high to bring it back to normal.”
    3. “I will plan to keep my job as a teacher because I get a lot of exercise every school day.”
    4. “I will take a brisk 30-minute walk 5 days per week and do resistance training three times a week.”
17. 17.

A patient with diabetes mellitus who has multiple infections every year needs a mitral valve replacement. What is the most important preoperative teaching the nurse should provide to prevent a cardiac infection postoperatively?

17. 1. Avoid sick people and wash hands.
    2. Obtain comprehensive dental care.
    3. Maintain hemoglobin A1C below 7%.
    4. Coughing and deep breathing with splinting
18. 18.

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for the clinic patients to be seen today. Which patient meets the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus?

18. 1. A 48-yr-old woman with a hemoglobin A1C of 8.4%
    2. A 58-yr-old man with a fasting blood glucose of 111 mg/dL
    3. A 68-yr-old woman with a random plasma glucose of 190 mg/dL
    4. A 78-yr-old man with a 2-hour glucose tolerance plasma glucose of 184 mg/dL
19. 19.

The nurse teaches a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus about insulin administration. Which statement by the patient requires an intervention by the nurse?

19. 1. “I will discard any insulin bottle that is cloudy in appearance.”
    2. “The best injection site for insulin administration is in my abdomen.”
    3. “I can wash the site with soap and water before insulin administration.”
    4. “I may keep my insulin at room temperature (75^oF) for up to 1 month.”
20. 20.

The nurse instructs a patient with diabetes mellitus about a healthy eating plan. Which statement made by the patient indicates that teaching was successful?

1. “I plan to lose 25 lb this year by following a high-protein diet.”
2. “I may have a hypoglycemic reaction if I drink alcohol on an empty stomach.”
3. “I should include more fiber in my diet than a person who does not have diabetes.”
4. “If I use an insulin pump, I will not need to limit the amount of saturated fat in my diet.”

ons.

Answer 1

Question 1 the correct answer is option B

With type 2 diabetes insulin secreation is decreased and insulin resistance is increased

Explanation in type 2 diabetes insulin secreation is reduced and human body become resistance to insulin so the patient is totally and soley depend on outside insulin

Question 2 the correct option is D

Glycosylated hemoglobin level

The glycosylated hemoglobin level detect the amount of gluocose that is present in blood cells that are RBC in our body when the blood glucose increased the blood glucose level of last 120 days so it is better to check glycosylated hemoglobin level

Question 3

The correct option is A

Choose a puncture site in the center of the finger pad

Patient should not punture center of finger because there are many nerve ending present there and punture site should be side of finger

Center puncture is also puncture is painful

Question 4

The correct option is A

Asses patient perception of what it mean to have diabetes

When we teach a patient to make it effective we should asses the patient

Patient must know what diabetes means to the patient

Question 5

The correct option is B

Microangiopathy is specific to diabetes and most commanly affects the capillary of the eyes kidney and skin

In diabetes mellitus microangipathy

When eyes are affected then it is called diabetic retinopathy

When kidney is affected it is called renal nephropathy

When skin is affected it is diabetic foot ulcers

Question 6

The correct answer is A

Excessive thirst

The cardinal feature of DM

Polydipsia , polyuria , polyphagia

Question 7

The correct option is B

Midnight before the test 8 hr of fasting is required for blood glucose so midnight fasting is said

Question 8

The correct option is

Kussmaul respiration

During diabetic ketoacidosis the lungs try to compensate acidosis die to diabetes during that it tries to blow out volatile acid and co2 which become condition of kussmaul respiration .It is also deep

Question 9

The correct option is

A cheese

As cheese is rich in fats so it should be avoided as microvascular changes occur

Question 10

Increased triglycerides level

Question 11

I should look at the condition of my feet every day

Patient should inspect there feet daily risk of infection so to check delayed wound healing

Question 12

The correct answer is

10 ;30 - 1:30pm

Regular insulin has peak value at 2 to 5 hr

Question 13

Eat 15 g simple carbohydrates

Question 14

The correct answer is

Cardiac monitoring to detect potassium changes

Question 15

Reduce glucose production by liver and change insulin sensitivity

Question 16

Correct answer is option D

Question 17

The correct answer is

Obtain comprehensive dental care

Question 18

Correct answer is option A

Question 19

Correct Is option A

Question 20

Correct is option B

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