Question

Final Exam Review 1. What type of insulin is used in emergency situation. 1. What is the purpose of sedatives 2. Drugs used for inflammation. What is the purpose of hypnotics. 3. 4. What is the level of abuse of schedule IV drug. 5. What is trough. 6. What is peak. 7. Before mixing two medications in a syringe, what should the nurse determine first. 8. History of which disease has the most effect on metabolism. What is the order of drug absorption from the fastest to the slowest. 9. 10. what are teratogens. 11. What are the signs of allergic reactions. 12. What kind of tablets can be broken in half. 13. Tablets that cannot be crushed. 14. What types of adrenergic receptors are found in the autonomic system. 15. What nursing intervention should be performed before administering metoprolol. 16. What is the criteria for holding atenolol, a beta - adrenergic blocking agent. 17. What is respiratory depression in terms of respiratory rate.

Answer 1

1. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone that is essential for Carbohydrate metabolism and used to lower the blood glucose levels..

The type of insulin used in emergency situations is Short acting insulin. Hyperglycemia with Diabetic ketoacidosis ( presence of ketonbodies in the blood because of abnormal carbohydrate and protien metabolism).

short acting insulin : Regular insulin

1. Sedatives

Sedatives are the drugs that sedates, having a soothing or calming effect or induces sleep.

Purpose of sedatives

1. To induce sleep

2. To relieve from anxiety

2. Inflammation

Inflammation is a protective mechanism of our body. Inflammation is indicated by the presence of redness ,swelling of the area( injury) , pain and heat.

The drugs used for inflammation are NSAIDs (Non steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs. Corticosteroids are also used for treating inflammation.

Examples for NSAID :

Aspirin( Ecotrin, Bufferin)

Indomethacin( Indocin)

Naproxen sodium( Anaprox)

Diclofenac potassium( cambia)

Examples for Corticosteroids are Prednisone( sterapred, deltasone), cortisone, dexamethasone.

3. Hypnotics are the drugs used to induce sleep. The purpose of hypnotics are to induce sleep( can be used in the treatment of sleeplessness, insomnia) and also hypnotic are used with surgical anaesthesia.

Examples: Benzodiazepines and phenobarbitol.

5. Trough

In medical meaning , it pertains to the lowest concentration reached by a drug just before the successive dose is administered.Trough level helps the process of therapeutic drug monitoring.