Question

What is the Ballard scoring system? 1. 2. Describe the physical characteristics of a preterm infant. 3. Explain the manifestations of respiratory distress of the preterm infant. 4. How is sepsis treated in the preterm infant? 5. List the signs and symptoms of cold stress. 6. When an infant is given intravenous calcium gluconate, what should the nurse closely monitor? 7. Summarize the nursing goals in caring for the preterm newborn.

Answer 1

Ans:- 1.

Ballard scoring system:- Ballard scoring system is a system that determines the gestational age of newborn through neurological and physical assessment. It is created by jeane Ballard.

2.

Physical characteristics of a preterm infant are as follows:-

1. Skin is transparent and loose,

2.lack of subcutaneous fat,

3 lanugo( fine hairs) covers the forehead, arms and shoulder,

4. Abundant vernix caseosa,

5. Superficial vein may be seen beneath the scalp and abdomen ,

6. Extremities appears short,

7. Soles of feets have few creases,

8. Nails are short,

9 ganitalia are small.

3.

Manifestations of respiratory distress preterm infant are as follows:-

In general the symptoms of respiratory distress are apparent after delivery but may not be manifested for several hours.

- Respiration increases to 60 breaths / mint or more .

- Rapid respiration are accompanied by grunt like sounds , nasal flaring, cynosis, and intercostal and sternal reactions.

- Edema, lasttitude and apnea occur as the condition becomes severe.

4.

To treat the preterm sepsis we will administer intravenous antibiotics , maintain warmth and nutrition, closely monitor vital signs including blood pressure.