Question

Although Karl Marx accepted Georg Hegel's notion of a “dialectical process” within history, he replaced Hegel's idealism with Ludwig Feuerbach's concept of "philosophical materialism" in order to formulate his “Theory of History”. Discuss. (10 marks) b) Briefly compare the consequences of "capital accumulation” in Adam Smith's “Theory of Economic Development” and Karl Marx's "Law of Motion Theory”.

Answer 1

SOLUTION

a) KARL MARX ACCEPTED ON GEORG HEGEL'S NOTION AND THE CONCEPT OF PHILOSIPAL MATERILISM IN ORDER TO FORMULATE THE THEORY OF HISTORY

By the time of his death, Hegel was the most prominent philosopher in Germany . His views were widely taught and his students were highly regarded. His followers soon divided into right - wing and left - wing Hegelians. Theologically and politically the right wing hegelians offered a conservative interpretation of his work. They emphasized the compatibility between Hegel's philosophy and christianity , they were orthodox. The left wing hegelians eventually moved on antheistic position. In politics many of them became revolutionaries.Mar'x view of history which came to be called historical materialistm, is certainly influenced by Hegel's claim that reality and history should be viewed dialectically.

Hegel believed that the direction of human history is characterized in the movement from the fragmentary towards the complete and the real. Sometimes Hegel explained that this progressive unfoldings of the absolute involves the gradual, evolutionary accretion, but at other times requires discontinuous , revolutionary reaps - episodal upheavels the existing status quo .

After the forcible removal of Chernyshevsky from the literary, a german metaphysics began to spread over other advanced circles, where Hegal came to be regarded as predominantly a conservative one if not reactionary thinker . This was indisputable that the towards the end of his life, Hegel was very far from being what he had been earlier. Marx early writtings and thus a response towards hedger , German idealism and a break with the rest of the heligians. Marx stood Hegel on his mind in his own view of his role of turning the idealistic dialectic into the materialistic one in proposing the material shape ideas instead of other way round.

Marx thinking could have atleast three possible courses

• The study of law
• The study of region
• The study of statf

b) COMPARING THE CONSEQUENCES OF ADAM SMITH AND KARL MARX

Adam Smith and Karl marx both wrote about capitalism , or an economic system in which an industry is controlled largely by the private companies meant to generate profits. However , they came to very different conclusions in the economic and social function.

ADAM SMITH'S THEORY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Adam Smith is considered to be the father of economics. It is not so because he was the explorer in the field of economics , also not because he revolutionized economic planning by his maiden ideas , but he abbreviated what he had received from his predecessors and handed it down as the guide to the coming generations  

It is pivot around which the theory of economic development resolves. The growth is functionally related to the rate of investment According to Smith " Any increase in the capital stock in a country generally leads to more than proportionate increase in output on account of continually growing division of labor.

KARL MARX LAW OF MOTION

If Marx theory of surplus value is the most revolutionary contribution to the economic science his discovery of long term law of motion of the capitalist mode of production constitutes undoubtfully his most impressive scientific achievement . The laws of motion has obviously created much controversy we shall nevertheless list them in logical orders rather than according to the theory of consensus they command