Question

(a) State the most common contaminants found in most natural gases 1. and the problems caused by these contaminants (b) What are the chemical names and formulae of amines used in natural gas sweetening processes? (c) State the type of reaction between amines and acid gases present in natural gas and write balanced equations for tertiary amine reactions with hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide (d) Why are acid gases removed from the natural gases? (e) With the aid of a diagram, describe the functions of each of the different components of an amine contactor column in relation to the flow path of amine solution and natural gas through it (f) What factors cause the increase in corrosion rates in the amine sweetening systems? (g) For a typical amine unit discuss: where amine losses occurs how can such losses be minimised the function of mechanical and carbon bed filters. (h) Convert 0.25 and 1.0 grains H2S per 100 scf into ppm and mg/m3

Answer 1

Pd no.1 Contominants tound in most natural gases and the Problems catued by these lontauinants Armmoria tin, eyel, thiOat and lung irtation. Coughing Burns Aung darmage and dasth Cat a vevy high ront) Cos tondioride Car bondioride is a colan leis gas. 1n ts be tound in solid torm it is used as dry tce. dt con Spring water, tvees or tossil tuels and products made trom them Such as burned gasotine and natural gai aue oil Suftocaton by displcement of air, Headaches double viston, Tinnituy caues uninsciolunes, Vevti qp and Carbon monorite At is Onder piessure , it becomes a a colouvies and highty poisonou gas produce d by burining gasoline, natural gas, charecal and other fuele Nawea and yomiting, Chest pain, Damage liqwd Ot is causes developing tetw Seizues Heart 4 Chorofluoo carto tailure to a Cefes) of odoyless we a group manufoctured chemicals thej damagethe earth's Becawe O7one layor There cause Tremos and onvultion, rvegula heartleat (ata Yacts stin cancer, weakend immune System colotess,ommabe gos. 9t is Yeleaued (S Formal dehyde is a

7:au. 6d w0od, te YOsere into the air by burning tossil fuds such as 01 natural gas trom vehicle exhaut, and form smoking tobaro Pvocucts nose, eyer and throat ivritation, Cancer, iyvitation ot the Caue neuro log ical effects, gastrointertindl BYanchit's inamel yisk of asttna and alergies. b Chamical name and to rmulae of ami'nes used n natural gas Sweetening Proces. ) Diethanolamire CDe A) C4 HINO GH NO L monpetharolamine (MtA) BMethyldietharad amire (MDEA) - CH3 N CC H4OH) 4 Dilsopopanod amine (DIPA)- Ce His NDs C Diglycolarnine (DGA) 2-02-Amiroethory)ehand.. Pro ces, The etharol amire Docess, krovn as the Givbotal Temoves add gases (hydrogen sfde and corbon diozi de natuas al gases 4aser contaln mostwe. So, moistuse yenoval LA these acid an hydros catalyt and nydrocas bon hydr ctes (e.g., the haim t0 is necess any to prevert to Preventthe formaton of tJow temperatwes

Fortors that cause the inrease ino orosion Yates in the amine sweetening Sysiems Physical (onditions ike Tempesature (21 Fluid veocities (2) sus pandad sodids (4 Metallurgy Chem ical Comosive agents -the vert acid gases SHys-Hydrogen Sulphicle. C) (02- Caybondioride On ionized State these enhance the coo sion vade 4 Sweet Gas ce) HiS and Pich Armire ondense Peflun Drum Amire Lontactor Amire Pegene -ater SoUY Gas [Hydrocabou +H,S+ COr) Steam Reboiby Lean tmine (ondertate amine contator wheve Frst Stage is an bought absor bed in 4a4es ae H2S and W ave in contact wth amire ard

Pg no:4 the liqui phase Second stage is an amine generator HAS and C0r are st ripped awa where thom the liquid phase to Yegenerate the lean amine solution to be reci radated to the amine contractor tolumn