Question

How do I answer 1-4?

positive charge, which in turn, influence the physical and chemical properties of an element. For each of these four factors, identify whether charge or distance or both and briefly justify your answer. 1. The relative distance the valence electron is from the nucleus. This is a function of its n level. Charge Distance Both charge and Distance Justification: 2. The Zeff the electron experiences. Charge Distance Both charge and Distance Justification: 3. The shape of the orbital that the valence electron occupies. Charge Distance Both charge and Distance Justification: 4. The electron-electron repulsion or shielding that a valence electron experiences from other valence electrons. e e Charge Distance Both charge and Distance Justification: 5. Sketch the general shape of each of the following orbitals. s type orbital p type orbital d type orbital

Answer 1

1. The amount of charge felt by an electron depends on its distance from the nucleus. The closer an electron comes to the nucleus, or the more it penetrates, the stronger its attraction to the nucleus. Core electrons penetrate more and feel more of the nucleus than the other electrons.

dependent on both charge and distance

Felectron-nucleus = k

2. Zeff is neither dependent on charge nor distance

ZEFF EQUATION Number of inner Icone electron Lective Nuclear Charge Zef=Z-o Atomie Number Number of Protons

3. The shape of an orbital depends on the energy state of the electron. Thus shape of valence orbital doesn't depend upon charge and distance.

4. Coulomb's Law (an analogy with classical physics) can be used to describe the attraction and repulsion between atomic particles

Therefore the repulsion between the electron electron in orbital will be dependent upon charge and distance.

F = 9191