PICTURE FOR CONTEXT: Question is second bullet:
For y ∈ [0, 1], p, q ∈ N with p ≤ q: f((p/q)y) = (p/q)f(y) + y*f(p/q)
Proof attached.
PICTURE FOR CONTEXT: Question is second bullet: For y ∈ [0, 1], p, q ∈ N...
7 process Let In, n= 0, L ... be a Marko v chain (a discrete Markou) with P(Xo = 0, X, - 1) = P(Xo = 0, x2 - 1) = P(x,-1, x2 = -3 Compute P(Xo = 0, X, = 1, X2 - 1).
Biconditionals and Implications (3) Let P(n): eN and Q(n): n is odd for the domain S= {-2, -1,0,1,2,3,4}. For which elements of S is P(n) Q(n) true. (4) Let P(x, y): 22 - y2 = 0 and Q(x,y): 2 +y = 0. For which elements of Z x Z is P(x,y) = Q(x,y) true.
using discrete structures 3. Consider the function F(x, y, z) for x, y, z z 0 defined as follows: a. F(x, y, 0)-y+1 b. F(x, 0, 1)-x c, F(x, 0, 2) = 0 d. F(x, 0, z+ 3)-1 e. F(x, y, z)-F(x, F(x, y-1, z), z-1) Using Induction, prove the following a. F(x, y, 1)-x +y b, F(x, y, 2) = xy c. F(x, y, 3)-xy 3. Consider the function F(x, y, z) for x, y, z z 0 defined...
(P(x),Q(y), R(z)), where P depends only 2. Let S be any surface with boundary curve C, and let F(x,y, z) on r, where Q depends only on y, and where R depends only on z. Show that F.dr 0 C (P(x),Q(y), R(z)), where P depends only 2. Let S be any surface with boundary curve C, and let F(x,y, z) on r, where Q depends only on y, and where R depends only on z. Show that F.dr 0 C
9. Let Q be the solid bounded by the cylinder x2 + y2 = 1 and the planes z = 0 and z = 1 . Use the Divergence Theorem to calculate | | F . N dS where s is the surface of Q and F(x, y, z) = xi + yj + zk. (a) 67T (d) 0 (b) 1 (e) None of these (c) 3π 9. Let Q be the solid bounded by the cylinder x2 + y2...
Define four sets of integers Let P {0, 1), let Q {-11, 1, 5) , and Let R and S be arbitrary nonempty subsets of Z. Define an even indicator function F F: ZP by F(x) = (x + 1) mod 2 for x e Z That is, F(x) 1 if x is even, and F(x) = 0 if x is odd. or neither? Explain. a) Is F: Q P one-to-one, onto, both, or neither? Explain. b) Is F: (Pn...
Let X0,X1,... be a Markov chain whose state space is Z (the integers). Recall the Markov property: P(Xn = in | X0 = i0,X1 = i1,...,Xn−1 = in−1) = P(Xn = in | Xn−1 = in−1), ∀n, ∀it. Does the following always hold: P(Xn ≥0|X0 ≥0,X1 ≥0,...,Xn−1 ≥0)=P(Xn ≥0|Xn−1 ≥0) ? (Prove if “yes”, provide a counterexample if “no”) Let Xo,Xi, be a Markov chain whose state space is Z (the integers). Recall the Markov property: P(X,-'n l Xo-io, Xi...
A Bernoulli differential equation is one of the form dydx+P(x)y=Q(x)yn. Observe that, if n=0 or 1, the Bernoulli equation is linear. For other values of n, the substitution u=y1−n transforms the Bernoulli equation into the linear equation dudx+(1−n)P(x)u=(1−n)Q(x). Use an appropriate substitution to solve the equation y′−5xy=y5x7, and find the solution that satisfies y(1)=1. y(x)=
Suppose X, Y are independent with X ∼ N (0, 1) and Y ∼ N (0, 1). Show that the distribution of Q = X/Y follows the Cauchy distribution, i.e., f(q) = 1/π(1+q2) . Hint: Let Q = X/Y and V=Y. Find the joint pdf of Q and V and finally find the marginal pdf of Q by integrating the joint pdf of Q and V w.r.t. V: Y π(1+q2) Y V = Y . Find the joint pdf of...