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Problem 5 Let p.) be a polynomial satisfying the same constraints as in the...
Problem 6 Express the problem of finding a quadratic polynomial p(x) = 20 +211 + a2r2...
Problem 6 Express the problem of finding a quadratic polynomial p(x) = 20 +211 + a2r2 satisfying ſ p()dt = co, [ p(t)dt =c, ſp(t)dt = c, in terms of a linear system of equations. The morale of this problem is that a polynomial of degree m is unique determined by m linear constraints if the constraints are linear in the polynomial coefficients. This includes point evaluations, point evalutions of derivatives, integrals, and other functionals.
Let X0,X1,... be a Markov chain whose state space is Z (the integers). Recall the Markov property: P(Xn = in | X0 = i0,X1 = i1,...,Xn−1 = in−1) = P(Xn = in | Xn−1 = in−1), ∀n, ∀it. Does the following...
Let X0,X1,... be a Markov chain whose state space is Z (the
integers).
Recall the Markov property: P(Xn = in | X0 = i0,X1 = i1,...,Xn−1
= in−1) = P(Xn = in | Xn−1 = in−1), ∀n, ∀it. Does the following
always hold: P(Xn ≥0|X0 ≥0,X1 ≥0,...,Xn−1 ≥0)=P(Xn ≥0|Xn−1 ≥0)
?
(Prove if “yes”, provide a counterexample if “no”)
Let Xo,Xi, be a Markov chain whose state space is Z (the integers). Recall the Markov property: P(X,-'n l Xo-io, Xi...
7. Let X1 , Xn be i.i.d. with the density p(r,0) = a*(1 - 0)1-k1{x =...
7. Let X1 , Xn be i.i.d. with the density p(r,0) = a*(1 - 0)1-k1{x = 0,1} (a) Find the ML estimator of 0 (b) Is it unbiased? (c) Compute its MSE
7. Let X1 , Xn be i.i.d. with the density p(r,0) = a*(1 - 0)1-k1{x = 0,1} (a) Find the ML estimator of 0 (b) Is it unbiased? (c) Compute its MSE
Let Xo and Xı be independent exponentially distributed random variables with re- spective parameters Ao and...
Let Xo and Xı be independent exponentially distributed random variables with re- spective parameters Ao and ^i, so that, P(Xi t)eAit, for t2 0, i = 0,1 Let 0 if Xo X1, N = 1 if X1X0, min{Xo, X1}, M = 1 - N, V = x{X0, X1}, and W = V -U = |X0 - X1]. and U max Verify that U XN and V XM, then find the following: (a) P(N 0, U > t), for t 2...
4. Let X1, X2, . .. be independent random variables satisfying E(X) E(Xn) --fi. (a) Show...
4. Let X1, X2, . .. be independent random variables satisfying E(X) E(Xn) --fi. (a) Show that Y, = Xn - E(Xn) are independent and E(Yn) = 0, E(Y2) (b) Show that for Y, = (Y1 + . . + Y,)/n, <B for some finite B > 0 and VB,E(Y) < 16B. 16B 6B 1 E(Y) E(Y) n4 i1 n4 n3 (c) Show that P(Y, > e) < 0 and conclude Y, ->0 almost surely (d) Show that (i1 +...
Q6 (4+3+3+ 6=16 marks) Let Xo, X1, X2 be three distinct real numbers. For polynomials p(x)...
Q6 (4+3+3+ 6=16 marks) Let Xo, X1, X2 be three distinct real numbers. For polynomials p(x) and q(x), define < p(x),q(x) >= p(xo)q(x0) + p(x1)q(x1) + p(x2)q(22). Let p(n) denote the vector space of all polynomials with degree more no than n. (i) Show that < .. > is an inner product in P(2). (ii) Is < ... > an inner product in P(3)? Explain why. (iii) Is <,:> an inner product in P(1)? Explain why. (iv) Consider Xo =...
5. Let (Xn)n be a Markov chain on a state space S with n-step transition probabilities...
5. Let (Xn)n be a Markov chain on a state space S with n-step transition probabilities PTy = P(X,= y|Xo = x). Define (n) N x Xn=r n0 and U(G,) ΣΡ. n0 Show that (a) U(x, y)ENy|Xo= x] and (b) U(a, y) P(T, < +o0|X0= x)U(y, y), where Ty = inf {n 2 0 : X y}.
Problem 4 (20p). Let α > 0, and for each n E N let Xn : Ω → R be a random variable on a probability space (Q,F,P) with the gamma distribution「an. Does there exist a random variable X:82 → R such...
Problem 4 (20p). Let α > 0, and for each n E N let Xn : Ω → R be a random variable on a probability space (Q,F,P) with the gamma distribution「an. Does there exist a random variable X:82 → R such that Xn-,X as n →oo?
Problem 4 (20p). Let α > 0, and for each n E N let Xn : Ω → R be a random variable on a probability space (Q,F,P) with the gamma distribution「an. Does...
Problem 4. (i) Let R> 2/14Z and consider the polynomial ring R[d]. Let A(z) 4 + 2r3 + 3r2 + 4x + ...
Problem 4. (i) Let R> 2/14Z and consider the polynomial ring R[d]. Let A(z) 4 + 2r3 + 3r2 + 4x + 5 and B(x) 37 be elements of R]. Find q(x) and r(x) in R] such that: A(x)-q(z)E(z) + r(z) and deg(r) < 2. (2pts) (ii) Let R- Z/11Z, write down the table of squares in R as follows. For every a E R (there are 11 such elements), find a2. Here you are required to express the final...
Problem 2. For each polynomial p(t) = do +at+...+ amtm with real number coefficients and for...
Problem 2. For each polynomial p(t) = do +at+...+ amtm with real number coefficients and for each n x n matrix A, we define the n x n matrix p(A) by P(A) = ao In + a A+ ... + amA”. Also, for each n, let Onxn E Rnxn be the n x n zero matrix. (a) Show that for all polynomials p and q and square matrices A, we have p(A)q(A) = 9(A)p(A). (b) Show that for every 2...
Problem 6 Express the problem of finding a quadratic polynomial p(x) = 20 +211 + a2r2 satisfying ſ p()dt = co, [ p(t)dt =c, ſp(t)dt = c, in terms of a linear system of equations. The morale of this problem is that a polynomial of degree m is unique determined by m linear constraints if the constraints are linear in the polynomial coefficients. This includes point evaluations, point evalutions of derivatives, integrals, and other functionals.
Let X0,X1,... be a Markov chain whose state space is Z (the
integers).
Recall the Markov property: P(Xn = in | X0 = i0,X1 = i1,...,Xn−1
= in−1) = P(Xn = in | Xn−1 = in−1), ∀n, ∀it. Does the following
always hold: P(Xn ≥0|X0 ≥0,X1 ≥0,...,Xn−1 ≥0)=P(Xn ≥0|Xn−1 ≥0)
?
(Prove if “yes”, provide a counterexample if “no”)
Let Xo,Xi, be a Markov chain whose state space is Z (the integers). Recall the Markov property: P(X,-'n l Xo-io, Xi...
7. Let X1 , Xn be i.i.d. with the density p(r,0) = a*(1 - 0)1-k1{x = 0,1} (a) Find the ML estimator of 0 (b) Is it unbiased? (c) Compute its MSE
7. Let X1 , Xn be i.i.d. with the density p(r,0) = a*(1 - 0)1-k1{x = 0,1} (a) Find the ML estimator of 0 (b) Is it unbiased? (c) Compute its MSE
Let Xo and Xı be independent exponentially distributed random variables with re- spective parameters Ao and ^i, so that, P(Xi t)eAit, for t2 0, i = 0,1 Let 0 if Xo X1, N = 1 if X1X0, min{Xo, X1}, M = 1 - N, V = x{X0, X1}, and W = V -U = |X0 - X1]. and U max Verify that U XN and V XM, then find the following: (a) P(N 0, U > t), for t 2...
4. Let X1, X2, . .. be independent random variables satisfying E(X) E(Xn) --fi. (a) Show that Y, = Xn - E(Xn) are independent and E(Yn) = 0, E(Y2) (b) Show that for Y, = (Y1 + . . + Y,)/n, <B for some finite B > 0 and VB,E(Y) < 16B. 16B 6B 1 E(Y) E(Y) n4 i1 n4 n3 (c) Show that P(Y, > e) < 0 and conclude Y, ->0 almost surely (d) Show that (i1 +...
Q6 (4+3+3+ 6=16 marks) Let Xo, X1, X2 be three distinct real numbers. For polynomials p(x) and q(x), define < p(x),q(x) >= p(xo)q(x0) + p(x1)q(x1) + p(x2)q(22). Let p(n) denote the vector space of all polynomials with degree more no than n. (i) Show that < .. > is an inner product in P(2). (ii) Is < ... > an inner product in P(3)? Explain why. (iii) Is <,:> an inner product in P(1)? Explain why. (iv) Consider Xo =...
5. Let (Xn)n be a Markov chain on a state space S with n-step transition probabilities PTy = P(X,= y|Xo = x). Define (n) N x Xn=r n0 and U(G,) ΣΡ. n0 Show that (a) U(x, y)ENy|Xo= x] and (b) U(a, y) P(T, < +o0|X0= x)U(y, y), where Ty = inf {n 2 0 : X y}.
Problem 4 (20p). Let α > 0, and for each n E N let Xn : Ω → R be a random variable on a probability space (Q,F,P) with the gamma distribution「an. Does there exist a random variable X:82 → R such that Xn-,X as n →oo?
Problem 4 (20p). Let α > 0, and for each n E N let Xn : Ω → R be a random variable on a probability space (Q,F,P) with the gamma distribution「an. Does...
Problem 4. (i) Let R> 2/14Z and consider the polynomial ring R[d]. Let A(z) 4 + 2r3 + 3r2 + 4x + 5 and B(x) 37 be elements of R]. Find q(x) and r(x) in R] such that: A(x)-q(z)E(z) + r(z) and deg(r) < 2. (2pts) (ii) Let R- Z/11Z, write down the table of squares in R as follows. For every a E R (there are 11 such elements), find a2. Here you are required to express the final...
Problem 2. For each polynomial p(t) = do +at+...+ amtm with real number coefficients and for each n x n matrix A, we define the n x n matrix p(A) by P(A) = ao In + a A+ ... + amA”. Also, for each n, let Onxn E Rnxn be the n x n zero matrix. (a) Show that for all polynomials p and q and square matrices A, we have p(A)q(A) = 9(A)p(A). (b) Show that for every 2...
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