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Problem 7. (20 pts) Let n EN be a natural nmber and X a finite set...
Problem 7. (20 pts) Let n N be a natural number and X a finite set...
Problem 7. (20 pts) Let n N be a natural number and X a finite set with n elements. Show that the number of permutations of X such that no element stays in the same position is n. n! k! For instance, there are 6-3! permutations of 3 elements, but only 2 of them are permutations which fix no element. Similarly, there are 24 41 permutations of 4 elements, but only 9 which fix no element Hint: Use the Inclusion-Erclusion...
Problem 7. Fix a natural number n € N, and let en denote the equivalence relation...
Problem 7. Fix a natural number n € N, and let en denote the equivalence relation "modulo n" on Z defined by x =n y if and only if n|y-r. axun (a) (6 points) Prove that pe N is prime, and if a, b € Z with a? Ep 62, then either a = b or a =p -b. (b) (4 points) Provide a counterexample showing the result in (a) may fail when p is not prime. That is, find...
Let X be a finite set and F a family of subsets of X such that...
Let X be a finite set and F a family of subsets of X such that every element of X appears in at least one subset in F. We say that a subset C of F is a set cover for X if X =U SEC S (that is, the union of the sets in C is X). The cardinality of a set cover C is the number of elements in C. (Note that an element of C is a...
7. Let A, , An be non-empty subsets of a finite set Ω. If 1 k n and Ek is the set of elements in ...
7. Let A, , An be non-empty subsets of a finite set Ω. If 1 k n and Ek is the set of elements in Ω which belong to at least k of the Ai's show that Pal i-1
7. Let A, , An be non-empty subsets of a finite set Ω. If 1 k n and Ek is the set of elements in Ω which belong to at least k of the Ai's show that Pal i-1
Problem 5. (20 pts) Let n E N be a natural number and let X C...
Problem 5. (20 pts) Let n E N be a natural number and let X C N be a subset with n +1 elements. Show that there exist two natural numbers x,y X such that x-y is divisible by n
3. (20 pts) Let ụ be a finite set, and let S = {Si, S , S,n} be a collection of subsets of U. Given an integer k, w...
3. (20 pts) Let ụ be a finite set, and let S = {Si, S , S,n} be a collection of subsets of U. Given an integer k, we want to know if there is a sub-collection of k sets S' C S whose union covers all the elements of U. That is, S k, and Us es SU. Prove that this problem is NP-complete. 992 m SES, si
3. (20 pts) Let ụ be a finite set, and let...
Problem 5. (20 pts) Let r,n N be two natural numbers with r < n. An...
Problem 5. (20 pts) Let r,n N be two natural numbers with r < n. An r x n matrix M consisting of r rows and n columns is said to be a Latin rectangle of size (r, n), if all the entries My belong to the set {1,2,3,..., n), for 1Si<T, 1Sj<T, and the same number does not appear twice in any row or in any column. By defini- tion, a Latin square is a Latin rectangle of size...
where Problem 36. Assume f : X → [0, oo]. Prove that if Σ f(x) < 00, then {x E X (z) > 0} is a countable set. (HINT: Show that for every k E N the set {x E X | f(x) > k-1} is finite.)...
where
Problem 36. Assume f : X → [0, oo]. Prove that if Σ f(x) < 00, then {x E X (z) > 0} is a countable set. (HINT: Show that for every k E N the set {x E X | f(x) > k-1} is finite.) f(x)-sup f(x) | F is any finite subset of X TEF
Problem 36. Assume f : X → [0, oo]. Prove that if Σ f(x) 0} is a countable set. (HINT: Show that...
7.15. Let % be a finite set on which a neighborhood structure is defined; that is, each x E 2 has a set of neighbors N(...
7.15. Let % be a finite set on which a neighborhood structure is defined; that is, each x E 2 has a set of neighbors N(x). Let nx be the number of neighbors of x E 2. Consider a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm with proposal density q(y |x)- 1/nx for all y є N(x). That is, from a current state x, the proposal state is drawn from the set of neighbors with equal probability. Let the acceptance probability be Assuming the chain...
=(V, En) 5. Let n1 be an integer and define the graph Gn as follows {0,1}", the set of all binary strings of length...
=(V, En) 5. Let n1 be an integer and define the graph Gn as follows {0,1}", the set of all binary strings of length n. Vn = Two vertices x and y are connected by an edge emu if and only if x and y differs in exactly one position. (a) (4 points) Draw the graph Gn for n = 1,2,3 (b) (4 points) For a general n 2 1, find |Vn and |En (c) (10 points) Prove that for...
Problem 7. (20 pts) Let n N be a natural number and X a finite set with n elements. Show that the number of permutations of X such that no element stays in the same position is n. n! k! For instance, there are 6-3! permutations of 3 elements, but only 2 of them are permutations which fix no element. Similarly, there are 24 41 permutations of 4 elements, but only 9 which fix no element Hint: Use the Inclusion-Erclusion...
Problem 7. Fix a natural number n € N, and let en denote the equivalence relation "modulo n" on Z defined by x =n y if and only if n|y-r. axun (a) (6 points) Prove that pe N is prime, and if a, b € Z with a? Ep 62, then either a = b or a =p -b. (b) (4 points) Provide a counterexample showing the result in (a) may fail when p is not prime. That is, find...
7. Let A, , An be non-empty subsets of a finite set Ω. If 1 k n and Ek is the set of elements in Ω which belong to at least k of the Ai's show that Pal i-1
7. Let A, , An be non-empty subsets of a finite set Ω. If 1 k n and Ek is the set of elements in Ω which belong to at least k of the Ai's show that Pal i-1
Problem 5. (20 pts) Let n E N be a natural number and let X C N be a subset with n +1 elements. Show that there exist two natural numbers x,y X such that x-y is divisible by n
3. (20 pts) Let ụ be a finite set, and let S = {Si, S , S,n} be a collection of subsets of U. Given an integer k, we want to know if there is a sub-collection of k sets S' C S whose union covers all the elements of U. That is, S k, and Us es SU. Prove that this problem is NP-complete. 992 m SES, si
3. (20 pts) Let ụ be a finite set, and let...
Problem 5. (20 pts) Let r,n N be two natural numbers with r < n. An r x n matrix M consisting of r rows and n columns is said to be a Latin rectangle of size (r, n), if all the entries My belong to the set {1,2,3,..., n), for 1Si<T, 1Sj<T, and the same number does not appear twice in any row or in any column. By defini- tion, a Latin square is a Latin rectangle of size...
where
Problem 36. Assume f : X → [0, oo]. Prove that if Σ f(x) < 00, then {x E X (z) > 0} is a countable set. (HINT: Show that for every k E N the set {x E X | f(x) > k-1} is finite.) f(x)-sup f(x) | F is any finite subset of X TEF
Problem 36. Assume f : X → [0, oo]. Prove that if Σ f(x) 0} is a countable set. (HINT: Show that...
7.15. Let % be a finite set on which a neighborhood structure is defined; that is, each x E 2 has a set of neighbors N(x). Let nx be the number of neighbors of x E 2. Consider a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm with proposal density q(y |x)- 1/nx for all y є N(x). That is, from a current state x, the proposal state is drawn from the set of neighbors with equal probability. Let the acceptance probability be Assuming the chain...
=(V, En) 5. Let n1 be an integer and define the graph Gn as follows {0,1}", the set of all binary strings of length n. Vn = Two vertices x and y are connected by an edge emu if and only if x and y differs in exactly one position. (a) (4 points) Draw the graph Gn for n = 1,2,3 (b) (4 points) For a general n 2 1, find |Vn and |En (c) (10 points) Prove that for...
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