Enumerate 6 (six) roles of a primary health care nurse.
Primary health care involves the first level of contact that individuals, families and communities have with the healthcare system. It enhances the quality health care.
Primary health care provides comprehensive care that could range from promotion and prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care. It focuses on the extensive and interrelated aspects of physical, mental and social health and wellbeing.
Following are the six roles of primary health care nurse:
1) Patient Carer – It includes clinical activities and relationships with patients.
Clinical activities include
- wound management
- injections, application and removal of casts
- suturing
- immunization
- preventive health care checks
- first aid and emergency management
- diagnostic services like ECGs, urine drug screening, spirometry
- providing outreach services as home assessments for the elderly.
They are the interface between doctors and the patients. With the doctors being over busy many patients entrust nurses and talk freely about their health problems and raise important issues.
2) Organizer – Nurses undertake the organizational aspects of patient care and systems supporting patient care.(stocking drugs, cleaning and sterilizing instruments, managing contaminated waste).
Organizational aspects of patient care involve:
- Maintaining, monitoring and improving patient information systems including patient register and recall systems
- Brokering referrals to community services
- Coordinating and undertaking patient health assessments
- Identifying and understanding the role of community agencies and service providers and networking with these services
- Triaging patients
- Planning and coordinating care including routine monitoring and follow up of patients with care plans.
System supporting patient care involves:
- Stocking Drugs
- Maintaining treatment room equipment and resources
- cleaning and sterilizing instruments, managing contaminated waste
- managing contaminated waste
3) Quality Controller – Nurses manage the accreditation process and other quality and risk management activities such as infection control and the safe disposal of sharps.
Managing quality and risk activities involve:
- Infection control
- Maintaining cold chain for vaccines
- The safe disposal of sharps
- Contributing to practice accreditation
- Arranging patient follow up of pathology results with evidence of audit trails
- Writing and/or updating practice and clinical policies and procedures
- Participating in/leading a team approach to managing adverse events.
4) Problem Solver - The problem solver role is marked by more proactive and strategic behavior of nurse. This role involves complex thinking, incorporating contextual scanning, assessment and rapid response.
The solving problems that may arise day-to-day basis could be
- Managing high patient demand on busy days
- Supporting receptionist’s decision making
- Solving issues with practice software systems
- Sourcing information such as referral options.
5) Educator - Nurses are educational resources for practice staff. They provide training and professional development in the hospital system.
They provide education which may include
- Other members of the general practice team including GPs
- Students who enter the practice for clinical placement
- Patients in areas of prevention and health promotion, management of specific health conditions
- Participation in local and/or national disease prevention campaigns (e.g. influenza)
6) Agent of connectivity- Nurses communicate between different disciplines within the practice, and between patients and clinicians. Thus, they fill the gap between administrative staff and GPs which promotes better practice processes and systems.
They may act as an agent of connectivity in following ways -
- By liaising with local hospital networks and other health services
- By building and maintaining relationships across the practice team
- By arranging appointments, managing internal and external referral processes and procedures, arranging case conferences and providing information and feedback between the services, patients and GP
- By planning and coordinating care including routine monitoring and follow-up of patients with care plans
- By means of patient advocacy.
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