Question

Activity 27-4. Nuclear fission [Accompanies Section 27-4] A uranium nucleus (235U) absorbs a neutron. (2 The result is a uranium nucleus (236U) in an excited state. The excited uranium nucleus fissions into two smaller, more tightly bound nuclei... 4...as well as a few neutrons. These can trigger the fission of other 235U nuclei. 3 neutrons Neutron 235U 236U 134 Te Z = 0 protons Z = 92 protons N=1 neutron N = 143 neutrons A=Z+N A = Z+N - 1 nucleon = 235 nucleons Z = 92 protons N = 144 neutrons A = Z+N = 236 nucleons Z = 52 protons N = 82 neutrons A = Z+N = 134 nucleons Z = 40 protons N = 59 neutrons A = Z+N = 99 nucleons Z = 0 protons N = 3 neutrons A =Z+N = 3 nucleons Energy is released in this fission reaction: The total kinetic energy of the fission fragments is much greater than the total kinetic energy of the initial neutron and 235U nucleus. The illustration shows one possible way that a nucleus of uranium-235 (235U) can undergo neutron-induced fission. (a) Rank the following objects in order of their binding energy per nucleon, from largest to smallest. If any two objects have the same binding energy per nucleon, state this. Explain how you made your ranking. (i) The uranium-235 (235U) nucleus (ii) The tellurium-134 (134Te) nucleus (iii) The zirconium-99 (9ºZr) nucleus (iv) The three neutrons
The illustration shows one possible way that a nucleus of uranium-235 (235U) can undergo neutron-induced fission. (a) Rank the following objects in order of their binding energy per nucleon, from largest to smallest. If any two objects have the same binding energy per nucleon, state this. Explain how you made your ranking. (i) The uranium-235 (235U) nucleus (ii) The tellurium-134 (134Te) nucleus (iii) The zirconium-99 (99Zr) nucleus (iv) The three neutrons Activity 27-4 [continued]. (b) Using your results from part (a), explain why energy is released in the neutron-induced fission of 235U shown in the figure on the preceding page. (c) Once the 236U* nucleus fissions, the 134Te nucleus and 99Zr nuclei actually accelerate away from each other. What is the force that causes this acceleration? Explain your reasoning. (i) The strong nuclear force that acts between the individual nucleons of the 134Te nucleus (ii) The strong nuclear force that acts between the individual nucleons of the 99Zr nucleus (iii) The strong nuclear force that acts between the 134Te nucleus and the 99Zr nucleus (iv) The electric force that acts between the individual protons of the 134Te nucleus (v) The electric force that acts between the individual protons of the 99Zr nucleus (vi) The electric force that acts between the 134Te nucleus and the 99Zr nucleus (vii) More than one of the above

Answer 1

Solution:

Part (a): From the given data, the binding energy per nuclion form higher to lower order is arrange as followes:

(1)

235 92 > 73134 Zr. 52 > 3 xn 40

Here, no one have the same binding energy per nuclion.

Here we made the ranking of binding energy per nuclion on the basis of their size.

Part (b): Since heavy size nuclius has more binding energy per nuclion compare to smaller size nuclius. So, when a heavy size nuclius is breaks into two or more smaller size nuclius, then the energy is released in this process.

Part (c): Once after fission of U²³⁵, the nuclius T¹³⁴ and Zr⁹⁹ accelerate away from each other due to the electric force that acts between the nuclius T¹³⁴ and Zr⁹⁹. So, obtion (vi) is correct.