Question

Can you define these terms in 3-4 sentences.

Thank you

1. Nationalism 2. Age of Nationalism 3. Populism 4. 30 Years War 5. Decolonization 6. Iroquois Confederacy 7. Supply-side economics 8. Demand-side economics 9. Hegemony 10. Cold War 11. Military Industrial Complex 12. Falklands War 13. Iraq invades Kuwait 14. Non-governmental organizations 15. Multinational corporations 16. Interstate/international system 17. Treaty of Westphalia 18. Sovereignty 19. Political ideology

Answer 1

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(1)

Nationalism is understood as an ideology that gives a nation a sense of unity.it can be expressed along civic, ethnic, cultural, religious or ideological lines. .Nationalism takes its precedence among any other social and political principles. nationalism is a spirit or aspirations common among the whole people of a nation. Nationalism has its own subjective dimension in which the Members of a nation usually feel a sense of unity.

(2)

Age of Nationalism can change itself in number of forms in which the national interest can be used to justify just about anything because it will be in a will is highly malleable to different political agendas.The abused and alienated victim will find an alternative identity, finding consolation as their own version of nationalism. In present days the refugee crisis and the fear of terrorism are better examples ofl too easily revive nationalist sentiments,it can lead to a series of social problem such as legitimization of abuse, alienation, in extreme cases violence.In certain circumstances may go beyond class inequalities; it is particularly the case when the nation has a common enemy, be it a colonizer, Nationalism refers to both a political doctrine and any collective action by political and social movements on behalf of specific nations.

(3)

Populism refers to political activities or ideas that claim to promote the interests and opinions of ordinary people.any of various, often antiestablishment or anti-intellectual political movements or philosophies that offer unorthodox solutions or policies and appeal to the common person rather than according with traditional party or partisan ideologies.

(4)

The 30 Years War occurred between 1618-1648, and it concerned religion initially. It started in the Holy Roman Empire (currently Germany). Catholic and Protestant states disputed each other over power, but it eventually turned into a political war between many countries/empires in Europe. The war left feudalism dead, a decline in the Catholic Church's authority, and further breaking up of the Holy Roman Empire.

(5)

Decolonisation is an umbrella term for all of the processes by which colonised states emerged from imperial rule. Setting up a government, consolidating territorial boundaries and establishing an independent national identity are all parts of decolonisation. When we refer to decolonisation we are usually referring to the period following World War II, which saw the rapid contraction of large Western imperial powers such as Britain and France.

(6)

The Iroquois Confederacy, or Five Nations, was an alliance of five, later six, American Indian tribes—the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora—located in modern-day New York state. The confederacy's structure included both federalism and a type of bicameral council that inspired the framework of the U.S. Constitution. Founding fathers such as Benjamin Franklin consistently promoted the Iroquois Confederacy as a model for the United States and some scholars believe the preamble to the U.S. Constitution was explicitly adapted from Iroquois oral traditions. The Iroquois nations were long-term allies of the British in wars against the French, but the confederacy was divided by political and religious ties during the American Revolution, resulting in a post-war migration into Canada by many members.

(7)

Supply-side economics is the subset of macroeconomic models in which fiscal policy leads to large changes in employment, potential gross domestic product (GDP), and aggregate supply. Taxes reduce real wages and the incentive for factor owners (workers, investors, and landowners) to supply their resources in factor markets. In supply-side models, the resulting reductions in the labor force, capital stock, and available land are large relative to other effects and potential output falls. In the extreme version of supply-side economics popularized by Arthur Laffer in the 1970s, reducing taxes would lead to increased tax revenues in the United States as factor availability increased and earnings rose. The ballooning deficits that followed the Reagan tax cuts in the early 1980s provided conclusive evidence against Laffer's assertion.

(8)

Demand and supply side looks after how commodity is demanded and supplied in the economy. Supply side economists believe that economy grows most from the supply factors ,and foster demand .They support low taxes to promote investment demand and better economic activity ,with independent market functioning.In america this caused a trickle down effect, that benefitted rich and increased supply of economy. Demand side economics focused on consumer demand for good and service ,and promote purchasing power aggregate demand is supported by givernment spending.It helps to reduce unemployment and boost economic activity. Therefore a combination of both supply and demand can foster economic growth in the country.

(9)

Hegemony is an important theoretical concept when discussing how political entities and cultural groups exert power over other entities or groups. It is the idea of how a country or a culture can gain power and dominance not through explicit coercion, but through perceived influence and persuasion - even if the subservient groups in this dynamic do not give their explicit consent. An example would be American cultural hegemony. Music, movies, and certain sports from the United States are consumed throughout the world, transmitting the English language and U.S. culture and values from Western Europe to Eastern Africa to South America.

(10)

The Cold War was a period of time immediately following the end of World War II in which the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a ideological struggle to become the top super power nation on Earth. Following the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, the Soviet Union, a former ally of the United States, retained all of the territory it obtained from Germany during the Second World War and put it under it's strict interpretation of Communist rule. This immediately put itself, and the Western powers including the United States, at odds with one another economically and politically. The term "Cold War" means that these two superpowers never engaged one another directly in military conflict, but instead found themselves entangled in proxy wars where each nation supported opposing battling sides.