Question

Which one of the following ethical theories suffers from the infallibility objection?

A) ethical egoism

B) Kantian ethics

C) psychological egoism

D) emotivism

E) none of the above

Which one of the following is TRUE?

A) Plato and Aristotle differ on the issue of how virtue is acquired.

B) The virtue of loyalty implies that virtue ethics abandons the disinterested moral stance.

C) Williams argues that utilitarianism abstracts from the identity of persons whereas Kantianism abstracts from the separateness of persons.

D) The utilitarian considers the interests of everyone including themselves in reaching a moral decision.

Answer 1

1. A. Ethical egoism

explanation: It is said that ethical egoism is based on self-interest. Here morality is based on individual happiness. But it is inconsistent. Emotivism suggests the realization of morality and it has logical ground. Kantian ethics is based on reality and cooperation and it is essential factor in the society.

2. C) Williams argues that utilitarianism abstracts from the identity of persons whereas Kantianism abstracts from the separateness of persons.

Explanation: Aristotle says that virtue is acquired through habit of practice. By reading books, by social interaction one can acquire virtue. But Plato believes that virtue is acquired by moral thoughts and doing moral activities. It is a kind of blessing. But both stress on practice and moral thought. On the other hand, the Kantian ethics of virtue does not separate the individual from the rest of the people.