Answer:
Given expression:
where n, p, and x are positive integers.
Using the above information, we can find the required value as -
Hence, the correct option is (G) .
n 110. If n, p, and x are positive integers, and 2. +2, P. then P...
8. Define (n) to be the number of positive integers less than n and n. That is, (n) = {x e Z; 1 < x< n and gcd(x, n) = 1}|. Notice that U (n) |= ¢(n). For example U( 10) = {1, 3,7, 9} and therefore (10)= 4. It is well known that (n) is multiplicative. That is, if m, n are (mn) (m)¢(n). In general, (p") p" -p Also it's well known that there are relatively prime, then...
number thoery
just need 2 answered
2. Let n be a positive integer. Denote the number of positive integers less than n and rela- tively prime to n by p(n). Let a, b be positive integers such that ged(a,n) god(b,n)-1 Consider the set s, = {(a), (ba), (ba), ) (see Prollern 1). Let s-A]. Show that slp(n). 1. Let a, b, c, and n be positive integers such that gcd(a, n) = gcd(b, n) = gcd(c, n) = 1 If...
Given are n real numbers x(1), x(2), ..., x(n). Some of them are positive, some may be negative. The total sum is positive. Prove the following statement: There exists some index i such that all the following n sums are positive: х() x()xi+1) x() x+1)xi+2) х() + x(+1) + x(і+2) + ... х(і+n-1) Here "plus" and "minus" within the brackets are meant modulo n.
Given are n real numbers x(1), x(2), ..., x(n). Some of them are positive, some may...
Prove: If n and a are positive integers and n=(a^2+ 1)/2, then n is the sum of the squares of two consecutive integers (that is, n=k^2+ (k+1)^2 for some integer k).
Exercise 25: Let f: [0,1R be defined by x=0 fx)/n, m/n, with m, n E N and n is the minimal n such that z m/n x- m/n, with m,n E N and n is the minimal n such that x a) Show that L(f, P) = 0 for all partitions P of [0, 1]. b) Let m E N. Show that the cardinality of the set A :-{х є [0, 1] : f(x) > 1/m} is bounded by m(m...
2. Suppose P and Q are positive odd integers such that (PQ)-1. Prove that Qm] Pn] P-1 0-1 0<m<P/2 0<n
Let n be a positive integer. For each possible pair i, j of integers with 1 sisi<n, find an n x n matrix A with the property that 1 is an eigenvalue of A with g(1) = i and a(1) = j.
In: the set {1,...,n} consisting of the positive integers 1 up to n (n included). P(S): the power set of a set S; namely, the set of all subsets of S. P*(S): = P(S) - {@}; namely, the set of all non-empty subsets of S. The following question is a challenging one! As a start, may be you try this question for small values of n, say n=1,2,3. Can you make a guess? (1) We all know that P*(On) has...
Given as input an array A of n positive integers and another positive integer x, describe an O(nlogn)-time algorithm that determines whether or not there exist two elements Ai and AONn the array A such that is exactly x.
Question 6 (optional) For positive integers p 2 2, Wilson's Theorem states that p is a prime if and only if (p-1)!-1 (mod p) (a) Prove Wilson's Theorem (b) Discuss whether Wilson's Theorem is suitable as a primality test for finding primes to use with RSA.
Question 6 (optional) For positive integers p 2 2, Wilson's Theorem states that p is a prime if and only if (p-1)!-1 (mod p) (a) Prove Wilson's Theorem (b) Discuss whether Wilson's Theorem is...