Question

You observe the following fiber type distribution in a young individual before and after training. (3 points) PRE-TRAINING 1: 27% 1/la: 14% 1/Ja/llx: 3% la: 32% Nalllx: 24% Ux: 0% POST-TRAINING I: 29% 1/la: 5% 1/Ja/llx: 0% la: 59% Ja/llx: 6% Ux: 0% What was the most likely training program completed? Increased liver glycogen synthesis, increased skeletal muscle glucose uptake, and increased adipose tissue triglycerides formation is associated with which hormone? A. Glucagon B. Insulin C. Cortisol D. Epinephrine List one hematological (blood) change and one change that occurs in skeletal muscle to improve oxygen delivery and unloading during altitude acclimatization?

Answer 1

1.The two types of skeletal muscle fibers are slow-twitch (type I) and fast-twitch (type II). Slow-twitch muscle fibers support long distance endurance activities like marathon running, while fast-twitch muscle fibers support quick, powerful movements such as sprinting or weightlifting.Fast-twitch type II muscle fibers are further divided into Type IIx and Type IIa. Here, we can see before training Type I is 27% and after training it is increased to 29% and also Type IIa has also increase after training. So this will occur after the Resistance training.

Resistance training increases the size of both type I and type II muscle fibers. Greater growth (i.e., hypertrophy) occurs in type II fibers and increases actin and myosin filaments. This results in an increased ability to generate force.

2.Increased liver glycogen synthesis,increased skeletal muscle glucose uptake, and increased adipose tissue glycerides formation is associated with th hormone Insulin

. Insulin facilitates entry of glucose into muscle, adipose and several other tissues

Insulin stimulates the liver to store glucose in the form of glycogen

Insulin facilitates entry of glucose into adipocytes, and within those cells, glucose can be used to synthesize glycerol. This glycerol, along with the fatty acids delivered from the liver, are used to synthesize triglyceride within the adipocyte. By these mechanisms, insulin is involved in further accumulation of triglyceride in fat cells.

3. Eventually, the body undergoes physiological changes such as lower lactate production, decreased plasma volume, increased hematocrit (polycythemia), increased RBC mass, a higher concentration of capillaries in skeletal muscle tissue, increased myoglobin, increased mitochondria, increased aerobic enzyme concentration, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary artery pressure increases in an effort to oxygenate more blood.