Question

4. Enantiomers.- THIS FOLLOWING EXERCISES ON PAGES 6 AND 7 ARE TO BE DONE AS A GROUP WITH THE LAB INSTRUCTOR!!!! a) Construct a model consisting of a tetrahedral carbon center with four different atoms attached - use white, green, orange and violet balls. Each color represents a different group or atom attached to the central carbon. Does this model have a plane of symmetry? Note 1: a plane of symmetry can be described as a cutting plane – a plane that when passed through a model or object divides it into two equal halves Note 2: a plane of symmetry may pass through individual atoms. b) Now take the model that you made in part 1 and construct the model of the mirror image. You now have two models Now try to superimpose one model onto the other, that is, to place one model exactly on top of the other in such a way that all five elements, i.e. the carbon and the colored atoms fall exactly one-on-top-of-the-other Can you superimpose one model onto the other? What is the name given to the pair of models that you have built? Molecules without a plane of symmetry are chiral. In the model that you constructed above, the tetrahedral carbon is the chiral carbon; the molecule is chiral. Molecules with just one chiral carbon are always chiral. Molecules with a plane of symmetry are achiral. (1.e. not chiral). c. Take one of your enantiomers from question 3 and replace the orange ball with a second green one. The model should now have three types of substituents attached to the carbon. Does the model now have a plane of symmetry? Passing the cutting plane through the model, what colored elements does it cut in halt What is on the left and right half of the cutting plane? Construct a model of the mirror image of the object. Are these two models superimposable on each other? Are the two models representatives of different molecules or identical molecules?

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