Question

TASK3 Summarize the following passage in 2 sentences. Use paraphrase only. Do not include direct quotes. PASSAGE 3 The most cited definition of mindfulness is a process of "paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally" (Kabat-Zinn, 1994, p. 4). Based on this definition, Shapiro, Carlson, Astin, and Freedman (2006) described three elements of mindfulness: (a) underlying intention (on purpose), (b) attention (paying attention) with, and (c) an attitude of openness and curiosity (e-g., nonjudgmentally). Relatedly, this definition was operationalized by Bishop et al. (2004) as consisting of two facets: (a) the self-regulation of attention and (b) an orientation towards experience in the present moment characterized by curiosity, openness, and acceptance. Hölzel et al. (2011) suggested several main component processes/skills that are cultivated by mindfulness meditation, including (a) improved regulation of attention, (b) increased somatic awareness, (c) improved emotion regulation, and (d) a shift in the experience of the from identification to an enhanced clarity in experiencing the self. (Dvoláková 150)

Answer 1

Three elements of mindfulness by Shaprio, Carlson, Astin, Freedman(2006) are on purpose, attenton,openness and curiosity which is operationalised by Bishop(2004) as Self regulation of attentiona and experience in present moment. In 2011, Holzel et el suggested components including improved qualities of regulation of attention, somatic awareness,emotion regulation, self clarity.