Question

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Show the orbital-filling diagram for N (nitrogen). Stack the subshells in order of energy, with the lowest-energy subshell at the bottom and the highest-energy subshell at the top. Use the buttons at the top of the tool to add orbitals. Click within the orbital to add electrons.

Answer 1

Concepts and Reason

The concepts used to solve this problem are the concept of electronic configuration, Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle and Pauli-exclusion principle. Electronic configuration represents the electron distribution of a particular atom in its molecular orbitals.

The Aufbau Principle incorporates the Hund’s rule and Pauli-exclusion principle to determine the order of filling of electrons in their atomic orbitals. Electrons fill orbitals having lower energy first. Furthermore, each orbital is singly occupied with 1 electron before any orbital is occupied double. Electrons present in the same orbital have opposite spins.

Fundamentals

There are three basic rules for filling of electrons in their atomic orbitals, namely, Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle and Pauli-exclusion principle. Hund’s rule states that an electron to double occupy a degenerate orbital, must first occupy them singly.

Aufbau’s principle states that electron of an atom, always occupy the orbital in the increasing order of energy, that is, ‘’ orbital, followed by ‘’ orbital, followed by ‘’ orbital, followed by ‘’ orbital.

According to Pauli-exclusion principle, any single electron can be described on the basis of four different sets of quantum number, which needs to vary in at least one. It implies that for any two different electrons, either one of the magnetic quantum number (), orbital angular momentum quantum number (), spin magnetic quantum number () or principal quantum number () needs to vary.

In order to write the electron configuration, the occupancy order of the orbitals is needed to be determined first along with their principal quantum number. The occupancy order for the orbitals has been shown as follows:

Once the increasing order of the orbital occupancy has been determined, electrons can be then placed in those orbitals. The electron configuration for nitrogen (), having atomic number (which is equal to the number of electrons) has been shown below:

Nitrogen contains electrons, out of which electrons are filled in 1s orbital, electrons in orbital and the last electrons in the orbital. The orbital-filling diagram for can be explained as follows:

Nitrogen contains electrons, out of which electrons are filled in orbital, electrons in orbital and the last 3 electrons in the orbital. The subshells arranged in the increasing order of their energy, are shown as follows:

Ans:

The orbital-filling diagram for can be explained as follows:

The subshells arranged in the increasing order of their energy, are shown as follows: