Question

Q1 (25):

1. What challenges will be faced by application programmers in the absence of an operating system?
2. How is the interrupt vector used during interrupt processing?
3. Please read Sections 2, 3 and 4 from the following website and briefly summarize it.

https://minnie.tuhs.org/CompArch/Lectures/week05.html

4. Why do we store CPU state (program counter and registers) in process control block? Explain.
5. Please read the following article and briefly summarize it.

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/memory-layout-of-c-program/

Answer 1

a. Challenges that can be faced by application programmers in the absence of an operating system -

• No ability to use the keyboard
• No ability to use the screen
• No ability to use the mouse
• No ability to start programs
• No device drivers

b. An interrupt vector is the memory location of an interrupt handler, which prioritizes interrupts and saves them in a queue if more than one interrupt is waiting to be handled. There are two groups of wires of the system bus that are critical to the working of interrupt processing: • The Interrupt Request Line: It has two states. When it is high (carrying high voltage), at least one I/O device or a trap is requesting an interrupt. • The Address Lines: During interrupt processing, they will carry the device ID of the interrupt source with the highest priority.

d. Process Control block is used for storing the collection of information about the Processes and this is also called as the Data Structure which Stores the information about the process. The information of the Process is used by the CPU at the Run time. The various information which is Stored into the PCB as followings: 1) Name of the Process.
2) State of the Process. Means Ready, Active, Wait.
3) Resources allocated to the Process
4) Memory which is provided to the Process.
5) Scheduling information.
6) Input and Output Devices used by the Process.
7) Process ID or a Identification Number which is given by the CPU when a Process Request for a Service.

Sorry, I haven't answered c. and e. because we are told not to use links by the student. I apologize!!!!!!!!