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A round bar is under a constant torque. Define the process and derive the selection indices...
1. Consider a bar under tension. The bar has length L, rectangular cross-section of sides b...
1. Consider a bar under tension. The bar has length L, rectangular cross-section of sides b and h, Young's modulus E, density p, and applied tensile force P. a) If all parameters are fixed except for h, find the value of h that minimizes the mass of the bar under stress, elongation, and stiffness constraints. Assume safety factors oo, Os, and Ok and failure values o*, 8*, and k* b) Also find the minimum mass of the bar m under...
Q2 (a) One of the strategies for material selection is screening and ranking. Give definition of...
Q2 (a) One of the strategies for material selection is screening and ranking. Give definition of screening process in term of material selection. (1 mark) (b) Explain the function, objective and constraints for each case study. (i) A design of cylindrical tie-rod of specified length 1, to carry a tensile force F without failure, it is to be of minimum mass. Think of golf-club shafts. Consider, then a light beam of square section b xb and length 1 loaded in...
Question 1: A step round bar as shown is subjected to two concentrated axial loads Fa...
Question 1: A step round bar as shown is subjected to two concentrated axial loads Fa at the section B and Fc at the section C. The material is a ductile material with yield strength Sy and young's modulus E The design control of this component is total actual length Lac. The diameters in the section AB and BC are dAB, and dac. The lengths of the section AB and BC are LAB and LBc. The factor of stress concentration...
1. Casting Process Selection (25 marks). The component, shown in Figure 1 is a manifold jacket...
1. Casting Process Selection (25 marks). The component, shown in Figure 1 is a manifold jacket used in a space vehicle. It is to be made of nickel. It is large — weighing about 7 kg — and has a 3D-hollow shape. The section thickness is 2–5 mm. The requirement on precision is strict (precision = 0.1 mm). Because of its limited application, only 10 units are to be made. Table 1 lists the requirements. Please identify the best manufacturing...
Polynomial Curve Fitting Often we can assume that certain thermodynamic properties are constant for the process...
Polynomial Curve Fitting Often we can assume that certain thermodynamic properties are constant for the process under study. However if there is a large change in temperature during a thermodynamics process this assumption can lead to significant errors; a typical example would be combustion in an engine. In such cases tables can be used. However, tables are awkward to use for computer calculations; therefore, a polynomial equation is often used in computer programs that simulate thermodynamics processes. As an example...
A) Set the control limits for the process for the x(bar) chart when the maching is working proper...
round to 3 decimal places ?
A) Set the control limits for the process for the x(bar) chart when the maching is working properly UCL-x-? grams (round to two decimal places) LCL-x grams (round to two decimal places) B) Set the control limits for this process for the R-chart. UCLrgrams (round to two decimal places) LCLr grams (round to two decimal places) Refer to the table Factors for Computing Control Chart Limits (3 sigma) for this problem. Your supervisor, Lisa...
A 2.0 kg bar of copper is heated at atmospheric pressure so that its temperature increases...
A 2.0 kg bar of copper is heated at atmospheric pressure so that its temperature increases from 20°C to 50°C. (a) What is the work done on the copper bar by the surrounding atmosphere? SOLUTION Conceptualize This example involves a solid, whereas the preceding two examples involved liquids and gases. For a solid, the change in volume due to thermal expansion is very small. Categorize Because the expanslon takes place at constant atmospheric pressure, we categorize the process as isobaric...
Tutorial 1: Working Fluids and Vapour Tables Question 1: Calculate the specific volume, specific enthalpy and...
Tutorial 1: Working Fluids and Vapour Tables Question 1: Calculate the specific volume, specific enthalpy and specific internal energy of wet steam at 18 bar and a dryness fraction of 0.9 Question 2: Calculate the dryness fraction, specific volume and specific internal energy of steam at 7 bar and with a specific enthalpy of 2600kJ/kg Question 3: Steam at 110 bar was found to have a specific volume of 0.0196 m²/kg. Calculate the temperature, specific enthalpy and specific internal energy...
A 3 m rigid bar AB is supported with a vertical translational spring at A and a pin at B The bar is subjected to a linearly varying distributed load with maximum intensity g Calculate the ver...
A 3 m rigid bar AB is supported with a vertical translational spring at A and a pin at B The bar is subjected to a linearly varying distributed load with maximum intensity g Calculate the vertical deformation of the spring if the spring constant is 700 kN/m. (ans: 21.43 mm) 2. A steel cable with a nominal diameter of 25 mm is used in a construction yard to lift a bridge section weighing 38 kN. The cable has an...
NTRODUCTION Under nearly all circumstances, postzygotic reproductive isolation cannot evolve under the direct action of natural...
NTRODUCTION
Under nearly all circumstances, postzygotic reproductive
isolation cannot evolve under the direct action of natural
selection. Instead, postzygotic isolation evolves as a by-product
of other genetic changes as proto-species diverge. In contrast,
natural selection can directly act to enhance prezygotic
reproductive isolation. Consider two species with overlapping
ranges. If hybrids between the species are less fit than pure
species individuals, females that mated with heterospecific males
would be at a selective disadvantage, because their resulting
offspring had low fitness....
1. Consider a bar under tension. The bar has length L, rectangular cross-section of sides b and h, Young's modulus E, density p, and applied tensile force P. a) If all parameters are fixed except for h, find the value of h that minimizes the mass of the bar under stress, elongation, and stiffness constraints. Assume safety factors oo, Os, and Ok and failure values o*, 8*, and k* b) Also find the minimum mass of the bar m under...
Q2 (a) One of the strategies for material selection is screening and ranking. Give definition of screening process in term of material selection. (1 mark) (b) Explain the function, objective and constraints for each case study. (i) A design of cylindrical tie-rod of specified length 1, to carry a tensile force F without failure, it is to be of minimum mass. Think of golf-club shafts. Consider, then a light beam of square section b xb and length 1 loaded in...
Question 1: A step round bar as shown is subjected to two concentrated axial loads Fa at the section B and Fc at the section C. The material is a ductile material with yield strength Sy and young's modulus E The design control of this component is total actual length Lac. The diameters in the section AB and BC are dAB, and dac. The lengths of the section AB and BC are LAB and LBc. The factor of stress concentration...
1. Casting Process Selection (25 marks). The component, shown in Figure 1 is a manifold jacket used in a space vehicle. It is to be made of nickel. It is large — weighing about 7 kg — and has a 3D-hollow shape. The section thickness is 2–5 mm. The requirement on precision is strict (precision = 0.1 mm). Because of its limited application, only 10 units are to be made. Table 1 lists the requirements. Please identify the best manufacturing...
round to 3 decimal places ?
A) Set the control limits for the process for the x(bar) chart when the maching is working properly UCL-x-? grams (round to two decimal places) LCL-x grams (round to two decimal places) B) Set the control limits for this process for the R-chart. UCLrgrams (round to two decimal places) LCLr grams (round to two decimal places) Refer to the table Factors for Computing Control Chart Limits (3 sigma) for this problem. Your supervisor, Lisa...
A 2.0 kg bar of copper is heated at atmospheric pressure so that its temperature increases from 20°C to 50°C. (a) What is the work done on the copper bar by the surrounding atmosphere? SOLUTION Conceptualize This example involves a solid, whereas the preceding two examples involved liquids and gases. For a solid, the change in volume due to thermal expansion is very small. Categorize Because the expanslon takes place at constant atmospheric pressure, we categorize the process as isobaric...
Tutorial 1: Working Fluids and Vapour Tables Question 1: Calculate the specific volume, specific enthalpy and specific internal energy of wet steam at 18 bar and a dryness fraction of 0.9 Question 2: Calculate the dryness fraction, specific volume and specific internal energy of steam at 7 bar and with a specific enthalpy of 2600kJ/kg Question 3: Steam at 110 bar was found to have a specific volume of 0.0196 m²/kg. Calculate the temperature, specific enthalpy and specific internal energy...
A 3 m rigid bar AB is supported with a vertical translational spring at A and a pin at B The bar is subjected to a linearly varying distributed load with maximum intensity g Calculate the vertical deformation of the spring if the spring constant is 700 kN/m. (ans: 21.43 mm) 2. A steel cable with a nominal diameter of 25 mm is used in a construction yard to lift a bridge section weighing 38 kN. The cable has an...
NTRODUCTION
Under nearly all circumstances, postzygotic reproductive
isolation cannot evolve under the direct action of natural
selection. Instead, postzygotic isolation evolves as a by-product
of other genetic changes as proto-species diverge. In contrast,
natural selection can directly act to enhance prezygotic
reproductive isolation. Consider two species with overlapping
ranges. If hybrids between the species are less fit than pure
species individuals, females that mated with heterospecific males
would be at a selective disadvantage, because their resulting
offspring had low fitness....
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