Question

1. Which of the following statements is not consistent with the kinetic-molecular theory of gas?

a. The volume occupied by the gas molecules only becomes significant at very low pressures

b. A given volume of gas is mostly empty space except near the condensing point

c. Except near condensing point, the attractive forces between gas molecules are very small

d. The attractive forces between the molecules only becomes significant at very low temperatures

2. Which of the following statements does not describe the general properties of liquids accurately?

a. Liquids have characteristic volumes that do not change greatly with changes in temperature (as long as the liquid is not vaporized)

b. Liquids have characteristic volumes that do not change greatly with changes in pressure

c. Liquids diffuse only very slowly when compared to solids

d. The liquid state is more disordered than the solid state

e. Liquids have high densities compared to gases

Answer 1

Answer:-

(1)-

As we know that according to the kinetic-molecular theory of gas, the volume occupied by the gas molecules only becomes significant at very high pressures because at high pressure gas molecules come closer to each other which results the volume occupied by the each gas molecule could not be compressed therefore it becomes significant.

Since we know that at low temperature, attractive forces between the molecules becomes significant because the distance between the gas molecules is decreased which results the the generation of van der waals forces between them. Van der waals forces between the gas molecules becomes strong on decreasing the distance between the gas molecules.

Also we know that the at condensing point , the attractive forces between gas molecules are strong and distance between the gas molecules is decreased. Therefore in gas state, a given volume of gas is mostly empty space and  the attractive forces between gas molecules are very small except condensing point.

So statement which is not consistent with the kinetic-molecular theory of gas is as follows:-

a. The volume occupied by the gas molecules only becomes significant at very low pressures. (i.e the answer)

(2)-

As we know that liquid has fixed volume and it is incompressible in nature. liquid state in which liquid molecules exist as more disordered form as compared to the solid therefore liquid state is more disordered than the solid state.

Also we know that the order of density is as follows:-

Solid > Liquid > Gas

So

Liquids have high densities compared to gases

Since we know that liquids diffuse very slowly as compared to the gas.

therefore statement that does not describe the general properties of liquids accurately is as follows:-

c. Liquids diffuse only very slowly when compared to solids. (i.e the answer)