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1 1 During Heaton Companys first two years of operations, it reported absorption costing net operating income as follows: 15

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Heaton Company
Answer 1 Year 1 Year 2 Note
Direct materials                       5.00                       5.00
Direct labor                     10.00                     10.00
Variable manufacturing overhead                       3.00                       3.00
Variable manufacturing cost per unit                     18.00                     18.00 A
Workings for Answer 2 Year 1 Year 2
Units sold             18,000.00             28,000.00 B
Sell price                     64.00                     64.00 C
Sales value       1,152,000.00       1,792,000.00 D=B*C
Cost of goods sold           324,000.00           504,000.00 E=B*A
Variable selling and admin per unit                       3.00                       3.00 F
Variable selling and admin expense             54,000.00             84,000.00 G=F*B
Answer 2
Variable costing income statement Year 1 Year 2
Sales        1,152,000.00        1,792,000.00 See D
Less: Variable costs
Costs of goods sold           324,000.00           504,000.00 See E
Selling and admin expense             54,000.00             84,000.00 See G
Contribution margin           774,000.00       1,204,000.00
Less: Fixed costs
Fixed manufacturing overhead           276,000.00           276,000.00
Fixed selling and admin           251,000.00           251,000.00
Operating Income           247,000.00           677,000.00 Q
Workings for Answer 3 Year 1 Year 2
Fixed manufacturing overhead           276,000.00           276,000.00 H
Units produced             23,000.00             23,000.00 I
Fixed manufacturing overhead per unit                     12.00                     12.00 J=H/I
Opening Inventory                            -                 5,000.00 See L of last year
Units produced             23,000.00             23,000.00 See I
Less: Units sold             18,000.00             28,000.00 See B
Ending Inventory               5,000.00                            -   L
Absorption costing unit product cost                     30.00                     30.00 K
Cost of Ending Inventory           150,000.00                            -   M=L*K
Answer 3 Year 1 Year 2
Operating Income- absorption costing           307,000.00           617,000.00
Operating Income- variable costing           247,000.00           677,000.00 See Q
Dollar difference             60,000.00           (60,000.00) O
Ending/ Opening Inventory               5,000.00               5,000.00 See J
Dollar difference per unit                     12.00                   (12.00) P=O/J
This difference is fixed manufacturing overhead per unit of $ 12 as calculated in Note J.
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