Question

12. Describe how a spinal nerve exits from the vertebral column.

13. Name two factors/structures that permit flexibility of the vertebral column.

14. What kind of tissue makes up the intervertebral discs ?

15. What is a herniated disc ? What problems might it cause ?

16. Which two spinal curvatures are obvious at birth ? Under what conditions do the secondary curvatures develop ?

Answer 1

12 spinal nerve (motor axons ) exit the vertebral column via the ventral root (where they synapse on motor neuron ganglia)then the ventral horn . sensory nerve enter the spinal cord via the dorsal horn, synapse on the dorsal gangilia and enter the spinal cord.

13 discs and the s-shaped of the vertyebral coumn prevent shock to the head in walking and running and provide flexibility to the body trunk

14 fibrocartilage is the kingd of tissue composes the invertebral discs

15 a disc in which the neclues puposus herniates through the annulus. the nucleus pulposus compresses on the spinal cord leading to pain/possible paralysis.

16 the two primary curvatures that we are born with are the concave forward curvatures in the thoracic and scoral spines.

the secondary curvatures . the compensatory curvatures, occur with normal development.(normal development is the condition under which they occur) these are the cervical curvature. which develops first with infant head lifting and the lumbar curvatures. which develops next sitting up. these curvatures prepare the spine for ambulation