INTERVENTION EFFECT EVALUATION PLAN |
Planning, in the context of the evaluation cycle is described as “the process of gathering information and making the subsequent decision regarding how something will be done.” For this assignment, you will be required to develop an “Intervention Effect Evaluation Plan” for the public health program .
The Intervention Effect Evaluation Plan should address the following:
Paper Details:
Program Evaluation for Public Health
The CDC's Introduction to Program Evaluation for Public Health Programs defines program evaluation as:
The systemic collection of information about the activities, characteristics and outcomes of programs to make judgments about the program, improve program effectiveness, and/or inform decisions about future program development
As such, program evaluation is set apart from ongoing, perhaps informal assessments that may occur during a program's lefespan. It is more formal in its intention and adheres to a set of guidelines.
While public health evaluation is a complex and varied field, all evaluations are targeted at answering several basic questions:
Throughout this module we will be reflecting on a real world evaluation conducted with the support of the CDC. Below is some background on the program and the context for the evaluation of Health Bucks. You will see that their initial goals are similar to the basic questions inherent in any evaluation.
Introduction to Health Bucks
Communities are continually seeking ways to reduce the impact of food insecurity and improve nutrition for residents. In 2005, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's District Public Health offices introduced a pioneering community-based program called Health Bucks to the Bronx, Brooklyn and Manhattan.
This food access initiative centered around coupons distributed to low-income New Yorkers via community-based organizations. These coupons could then be used at any of eleven participating markets during the annual farmers market season—July to November.
After the initial program, Health Bucks was expanded in 2006. Now those receiving SNAP benefits could use electronic benefit transfer (EBT) wireless terminals installed at farmers markets to purchase fruits and vegetables without the need of physical coupons distributed via the local community organizations.
The new program features also added additional financial incentive. SNAP recipients at certain markets could receive a two-dollar coupon for every five dollars of EBT credits they spent at the market.
The goal of Health Bucks was to increase access to fresh fruits and vegetables, by providing financial incentives for low-income New Yorkers to shop at farmers markets with a focus on the city's high poverty neighborhoods.
Context for the Evaluation:
Key stakeholders, such as the CDC, were interested in exploring the effectiveness of the program and feasibility for expansion. The CDC was responding to a strong need for implementation of evidence-based programs, particularly at the community level. In performing a full evaluation of the Health Bucks program, the hope was to...
Where Do We Begin?
Now that we have a general outline for what an evaluation seeks to achieve, let's look at the different types or levels of program evaluation that may be used to meet our evaluation needs:
Types of Program Evaluation
Formative: To "test" various aspects of the program. Does it make sense and is it applicable? Typically takes place prior to program implementation or early on in the process
Process: Explore and describe actual program implementation. It can indicate whether the program was implemented with fidelity, as intended. It may help explain why a program did or did not meet its main objectives.
Outcome/Impact: Assess the main program objective (or objectives) to determine how the program actually performs. Was the program effective, did it meet the objective(s)?
In addition to being focused on formative, process or outcome, evaluations can be…
Thinking of these two timing options, prospective or retrospective, which do you think would be most valuable and why?
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A Framework for Program Evaluation
As we walk through this learning module, we need to remember that evaluations do not exist in a vacuum, but are awash in a sea of context. By their very nature, they must take into account real-world constraints such as time, money, human resources and politics.
To help, the CDC has outlined six steps as a framework for program evaluations, and identified standards to keep in mind throughout the evaluation process. We provide their schematic and detail the steps and standards below. We will use the six steps as we walk through this module.
The CDC's framework should be applied based on a set of standards that have been developed to help guide your choices at each step of the framework. These standards include utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy.
Now that you have a brief overview of program evaluation steps and goals, let's try to apply some of these ideas…
Scenario: Helments While Biking
Let's image the Brookline Public Schools have decided to implement a program for their students, aimed at reminding middle and high school students of the importance of wearing helmets while biking. Below is a brief description of the program.
Purpose: To increase usage of bike helmets among 14-18 year olds in Brookline and ultimately reduce the number of traumatic head injuries. Helmets were distributed at middle and high schools and then a campaign was created to educate on the use and benefits of helmets when riding your bicycle—with celebrity speakers brought into classrooms, pamphlets sent home with students, and a broad media campaign in the neighborhood
Next, let's apply some of the ideas we have discussed to the Health Bucks Case Study.
The goals of Health Bucks include the following:
INTERVENTION EFFECT EVALUATION PLAN Planning, in the context of the evaluation cycle is described as “the...
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