Question

1.- Concepts: Pathology, Etiology, Pathogen, Pathogenesis, Infection, Disease. 2.- Normal Microbiota - Transient Microbiota. 3.- Opportunists. 4.- Factors that increase infection susceptibility 5.-Factors to maintain Normal Microbiota. 6.- Areas of the body with Normal Microbiota and sterile areas. 7.-Symbiosis: Commensalism - Mutualism - Parasitism. 8.- Exceptions to Koch's postulates. 9.- Symptom-Sign-Syndrome. 10. Communicable and Non-communicable infectious diseases. Contagious disease. 11.- Incidence - Prevalence and Sporadic - Endemic - Epidemic - Pandemic diseases. 12.- Acute - Chronic - Latent diseases. 13.- Local Focal - Generalized infection. 14. Septicemia vs Bacteremia/Viremia/Parasitemia/Fungemia. 15.- Primary vs Secondary disease. Polymicrobial disease vs Asymptomatic infectious disease, 16.- Incubation period - Prodromal period - Period of illness - Period of decline - Period of convalescence 17.- Exotoxins and Endotoxins. Differences! 18.- Reservoirs of infection: Human Animal, Nonliving reservoirs. 19.- Ways of transmission: A Contact transmission: Direct, indirect (Fomites), Droplets, incidence of STD. TORCH: What is this? - Vehicle transmission: Water, Food or Airborne. C. Vectors: Mechanicals Biological

Answer 1

Concepts

1. Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word pathology also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of bioscience
2. Etiology is the study of causation or origination. The word is derived from the Greek αἰτιολογία "giving a reason for". More completely, etiology is the study of the causes, origins, or reasons behind the way that things are, or the way they function, or it can refer to the causes themselves
3. A pathogen or infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. The term is most often used for agents that disrupt the normal physiology of a multicellular animal or plant. However, pathogens can infect unicellular organisms from all of the biological kingdoms.
4. The pathogenesis of a disease is the biological mechanism that leads to a diseased state. The term can also describe the origin and development of the disease, and whether it is acute, chronic, or recurrent. The word comes from the Greek πάθος pathos and γένεσις genesis.
5. Infection: The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body. An infection may cause no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent.
6. Disease is a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.