Question

a. How many possible IP addresses are there in IPv4? (Ignore any reserved or special addresses and give the total possible number.) Does IPv6 give more, less, or the same number of addresses? Briefly explain. b. Consider the network of LANs in the diagram below. Dark squares are routers, and light squares are hosts. Give the IP routing tables at both routers, including netmasks and gateways. c. Give, and explain, the path through the network for a packet originating at 128.100.1 1.2 with destination 128.100.13.1. d. If you send a packet to the IPv4 address 127.0.0.1, where does it go? Briefly explain. 128.100.ILI 128.100.11.2 128.100.11.0 128.100.11.3 128.100.12.I 128.100.12.2 128.100.12.3 128.100.12.0 Internet 128.100.12.254 128.100.13.1 128.100.13.2 128.10.13.3 128.100.13.3 128.100.13.0

Answer 1

Answer a)

IPv4 is a 32 bit ipaddressing system, so it is 2^32 = 4,294,967,296

Ipv6 is 64 bit ip addressing system, so it contains more ip address than ipv4.

Answer b)

Routing table are used to determine the packet transfer.

Network Destination Netmask 128.100.11.0 128.100.12.0 128.100.13.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.0.0 Gateway 128.100.11.3 128.100.12.3 128.100.12.3

Answer c)

Source -->128.100.11.2(H) --->128.100.11.3(R1)---->128.100.12.3(R1)---->HOP
128.100.12.254(R2)--->128.100.13.3(R2)---->128.100.13.1(H)--->destination

As the destination network packet is different from source network, so first it transmit to the router of the source network, then from the routing table router checks which network it can connect the packe, so it transmit to it next hop and from there it reaches to the destination.

Answer d)

When a packet is send in 127.0.0.1, when tcpip checks the packet it automatically returns back to the host again instead of sending to any destination. If a router or gateway get any packet with 127.0.0.1 destination it discard the packet.

127.0.0.1 is a loopback address, this ip address is used for testing purpose.Or referring the self machine with a ip address because this ip address is common to all machines in the network.