Question

Newman (1972) identifies four elements of defensible space Territoriality, Natural surveillance, image, and milieu. Crime prevention Through environmental design has added elements such as access control, target hardening, and activity support. In your own words describe what each is and how each is used to prevent crime. Also, Explain the similarities and distinguish the differences between the two groups. Are these elements effective in preventing crime? How are two of the elements used in your very own community? Please write in your own words and NO PLAGIARISM.

Answer 1

Newman in his book Defensible Space Theory, mentioned above four elements of defensible space based on which crime can be controlled especially in the residential areas.

1. Territoriality: According to Newman, territoriality refers to the physical layout of the building and other residential structures. He says that crime can be inhibited simply by making the physical layout more secured and confusing for the new ones who enter the premises.

2. Natural surveillaince: By this term, Newman defined that the elevated physical structures such as lobbies, lifts etc. He said that these structures should be clearly visible to the people outside the compound wall, which will help them in identifying any criminal activity. He stressed on the fact of natural surveillance as the safety factor to keep crime at bay.

3. Image: Newman stressed that high rise building that stand out different from the ones in the locality would gain attention and become the easy targets for criminals. For example, building a lavish bungalow in a locality where there are no multi storeyed buildings.

4. Mileu: Newman said that structures and building shouldn't be constructed in the areas that are already in the news for criminal activities as these areas are linked to the anti social characteristics of the neighbours, and residents will not feel safe.