Electrolysis
An industrial process referred to as the Downs cell converts molten sodium chloride into its constituent elements through electrolysis. The cell consists of a mixture (40%) of NaCl in CaCl2 (60%) at 600°C. Calcium ions do not participate in the reaction. The graphite anode is encircled by a steel cathode. Sodium floats over the denser electrolyte and is conveyed to a reservoir while chlorine gas escapes through a vertical pipe.[10]
a. Identify the oxidizing and the reducing agent (1)
b. Draw a diagram depicting all the components of this redox system and show the direction of circulation of e-, cations, and anions.
c. Write the balanced half-reactions (net ionic form) that occur at each electrode and the overall reaction in net ionic as well as in molecular form
d. At which electrode is liquid sodium produced, and from which electrode is chlorine gas released?
e. What would be the minimum electric voltage necessary so the reaction can proceed?
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