Question

Please Show alll work.

1.A person’s blood pressure is 120/70 (measured in mmHg). What must the height of an IV bag be so that blood is not pushed into the IV line by the blood pressure?

2. A graduate student doing an experiment puts 0.150 moles of helium into a cylinder with a moveable piston. The helium is at a pressure of 1.0 atm and a temperature of 30 °C at the beginning of the experiment. They then compress the helium to 1/3 its initial volume. the pressure inside the cylinder is 4.0 atm after the gas is compressed.

a. Calculate the temperature of the helium after the compression.

b. Calculate the change in thermal energy of the helium.

c. What is the minimum amount of work that must be done on the helium to compress it?

3. An inventor tries to patent what they claim is a new type of car engine. During one cycle, the engine requires an energy input of 500 J. The engine does 450 J of work and exhausts 50 J of energy to the environment. The fuel burns at 1750 K, and the exhaust temperature is 350 K. Should the person get a patent? How can you tell?

4. A student makes some tea. Its temperature is 45 °C when they finish making it. They want to drink some right away. How much ice at 0 °C should they put in a cup containing 0.5 liters of tea to cool it to 3 °C? Assume tea has the same properties as water.

5. A birdbath shoots water from a 0.5 mm diameter opening. The water rises 10 cm above the nozzle.

a. Calculate the speed of the water leaving the opening.

b. The water line going to the birdbath has an inner diameter of ¼ inch. Calculate the speed of the water in the water line.

c. How much water does the birdbath use in one hour?

6. A child wanders away from home on a fall day. The temperature overnight is 20 °C. Their skin temperature is 37 °C.

a. Calculate the net rate of heat flow away from their body. Assume their skin has a surface area of 0.9 m2 and an emissivity of 0.97. Ignore the insulating effects of their clothing.

b. At what rate must their metabolism provide energy to keep their body temperature from decreasing?

7. A canoe can carry a maximum load of 700 kg. The canoe itself has a mass of 37 kg. The canoe is floating in a lake. What volume of the canoe is under water if the canoe is carrying its maximum load?

8. You put a pot containing 3 quarts of soup at 95 °C on a folded dishtowel to cool. The countertop under the dishtowel is at 22 °C. 5 minutes later, the temperature of the spaghetti sauce is 89 °C. The dishtowel is ¼ inch thick when folded. The pot has a diameter of 8 inches. Calculate the thermal conductivity of the dishtowel. Assume the soup has the same specific heat as water. Ignore the effects of radiation.

9. A serving of pasta with sauce contains 60 g of carbohydrates, 13 g of fat, and 14 g of protein. "Burning" 1 g of protein releases 17 kJ of energy.

a. Calculate the energy contained in the pasta.

b. A 90 kg football player eats the pasta and goes to work out. They run up the stadium steps, reaching a maximum height of 15 m. How many times could they run up the steps on the energy contained in the pasta if their body’s efficiency is 25%?

Answer 1

Too many subparts. I will solve the first prob and 3 subparts of second problem

1060 kg/m3 for the density of blood.

You are given that the gauge pressure of the blood in the vein is 170 mm Hg.
Mercury is 13.6 times the density of water. Water has a density of 1000 kg/m^3.
Multiplying 13.6 by 1000/1060, we find mercury is 12.7 times the density of blood.

That the gauge pressure of the blood is 120 mm Hg means the pressure is equal to that exerted by a column of mercury 120 mm high. The equivalent height of a column of blood is
120 * 12.7 = 1524mm

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