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What is the clinical significance of the following chemical processes concerning urine examination: 1. pH - 2. protein - 3. g

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pH- To analyze acidity or alkalinity

Protein- To monitor the kidney function

Glucose- To determine the blood glucose level to R/o DM

Ketones- To R/o the risk for developing ketones in DM patients

Blood - To detect the hemoglobin from red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine

Bilirubin-To evaluate the liver function

Urobilinogen- To assess the liver function

Nitrite- To evaluate the presence of bacterial infection

Leukocyte esterase- To R/o urinary tract infection and Pyuria

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