Question

identify each sculpture including title, date, civilization, and stylistic. Example would be Old Kingdom, and include an image or hyperlink for each work. In 1000 words, compare and contrast the style and purpose of the sculptures. Place each work within a cultural context. Discuss religion, political and social hierarchy. Discuss the function of the works and their media and technique example is carving from sandstone.

shepherd's crook, traditional s khena symbols of the 72 Chapter 3 Art of Ancient Egypt a sign of stability. Just in front of Nebamun, his hunting cat The painters snares three birds, and Nebamun himself holds three egrets. super-human sovereignty royal portraits, but also Amarna style was used not The new only in of ronment have described the natural envi and queen sit on c laying with their nude daughters (FiQ. unt with astonishing detail, both on the land and under the water composition recalls the hippo traying the family life of A potamus hunt of Ti, an Old Kin created almost a thousan Tn, an Old Kingdom relief (see Fio. 3-13) In one panel the king is painting, but ans elongated, shaved heads conform to the ears before thi new and their world-alternately naturalistic and stylized This New Kingdom version of the scene, however, is more employing the same conventions for representing hun gentle and graceful, freer and energized by spontaneity. To this refined world of convention, however, would come momentous change during the reign of Amenhotep II1s successor, Amenhotep IV Akhenaten and the Art of the Amarna Period Amenhotep IV was surely the most unusual ruler in the history of ancient Egypt. During his 17-year reign (c.1353- 1336 BCE), he radically transformed the political, spiritual, and cultural life of the country. He founded a new reli gion honoring a supreme god, the life-giving sun deity Aten (represented by the sun's disk), and changed his own name in about 1348 BCE to Akhenaten ("One Who Is Effective on Behalf of the Aten"). Abandoning Thebes, the capital of Egypt since the beginning of his dynasty and a city firmly in the grip of the priests of Amun, Akhenatern built a new capital much farther north, calling it Akhetaten "Horizon of the Aten"). Using the modern name for this site, Tell el-Amarna, historians refer to Akhenaten's reign as the Amarna period. THE NEW AMARNA STYLE Akhenaten's reign not only saw the creation of a new capital and the rise of a new religious focus, it also led to radical changes in royal artistic conventions. In portraits of the king, artists used startling stylizations, even physical distortions. The new royal figure style can be seen in a colossal statue of Akhenaten, about 16 feet tall, created for a new temple 3-28 AKHE to the Aten that he built near the temple complex of Kar nak, openly challenging the state gods (FIo. 3-27). This portrait was placed in one of the porticos of a huge court- yard (c. 426 by 394 feet), oriented to the movement of the The sculpture's strange, softly swelling forms sug gest androgyny to modern viewers. The sagging stom- ach and inflated thighs contrast with spindly arms protruding collarbones, and an attenuated neck, on which sits a stylized head. Facial features are exaggerated Slitlike eyes turn slightly downward, and the bulbous, Akhenaten (ruled c. 1353-1336 BcE) lus sensuous lips are flanked by dimples that seem to express Karnak. Sandstone with traces of emotion. Such stark deviations from convention are dis- portion about 13' (4 m). Egyptian quieting, especially since Akhenaten holds the flail and Credit: akg-images/De Agostini Picture 3-27 COLOSSAL FIGURE OF AKHENATE From the temple known as the Gempaaten built early in the reign 8CE) just southeast of the Temple of tone with traces of polychromy, height of n Museum Cairo. JE 495a8 ib./ Ort

Answer 1

1. Title : Akhenaten
2. Date : c 1353-1336 BCE
3. Civilization : Akhenatan built a city know for God’s not for people as the temples of all God’s except the for the Aten’s were closed. In Akhenaten’s reign everything was secondary to his belief in God. He dedicated himself to the worship of his heavenly father Aten. People and trade, infrastructure and military was secondary for him.
4. Stylistic : He introduced a new Art style of elongated faces which is eveident from his statue at Thebes. People felt that Akhenaten had some strange facial deformity but the statues were built in this way to demonstrate his strange, messianic personality.

1. Title : Hatshepsut
2. Date : c. 1478–1458 BC
3. Civilisation : She was the most aggressive builders and had commissioned hundreds of constructions across the entire Egypt.
4. Stylistic : She wanted to be portrayed as a male pharaoh, with a beard and large muscles. However in some statues she appeared in traditional female form.

1. Title : Assurbanipal
2. Date : 668-627 BCE
3. Civilisation : He was known as the archaeologist king due to his desire for learning and study the ancient literature. He was also know to uncover and preserve the past. His cities did not have well protected defence system as his defensive army was small. He developed science and production capabilities of his empire. Increasing population expanded his territories over and above his cities.
4. Stylistic : The lines in the king’s beard along with the texture imply a strong, imperial presence.The kind's beard imply a strong, imperial power.All figures, including the king and queen, seem to have exactly the same style hair. The figures also have a type of headband around their heads.

1. Title : Darius and Xerxes
2. Date : 486-465 BCE
3. Civilisation : Darius,the Persian ruler came to power after a rebellion and he established Persepolis as a new capital to demonstrate his power.

Xerxes was successor of Darius and he continued to build the city.

The Persians allowed the people whom they conquered to use their native languages, this showed their cultural tolerance. It is also evident in the reliefs from Persepolis, which depicts people

of multiple ethnicities.

It was under Darius rule that the empire stabilized and building the city like construction of roads was undertaken.

4. Stylistic : reliefs and brickwork of the Apadana showed people from all of the conquered cultures bringing gifts to the king.

It shows the power that king had and also to include the cultures to make them feel comfortable when they came to offer gifts to the king.

The entry staircases showcased many of the surviving reliefs while the carvings depicted warriors to serve as a warning.