Question

y of ne lated functie ete por xtrace Tyr Module 2. Molly, a 31-year-old mother of three children, has been working out with a trainer and following a moderate, balanced diet for approximately a year. Despite her disciplined approach to diet and exercise, Molly has experienced significant weight gain during the past 4 months. Especially noticeable are the fat deposits that have developed in her face as well as the fat that has accumulated between her shoulder blades. Cuts take a long time to heal, and she bruises easily. Her menstrual cycles have become very irregular, and she feels anxious and stressed most of the time. a. What is your diagnosis? b. Briefly describe two possible causes of this endocrine disorder. c. What effect does this disorder have on the immune system? Why? D11 f severe

Answer 1

Answer a) is PCOS( Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome )

**Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women in reproductive age .

Already in the question it is mentioned that She has given birth to 3 children and now even after moderate exercise and adequate diet control she is gaining weight since 4 months Also she has irregular menses .Both these can point towards either Hypothyroidism ( Decreased levels of thyroid hormones ) and PCOS .There are fatty deposits in face and Shoulder which mostly occur in PCOS .Also in Hypothyroisism extra features like Constipation ,dry skin depression should be there .

In the question it is mentioned that female is stressed ,irritable with fatty deposits ,child bearing age with multiple children mostly the diagnosis is PCOS .

Answer B)

Causes for PCOS --> Exact cause for PCOS is not seen .But 1) Increased Androgen Levels

2) Insulin resistance can be the reason for PCOS.

3) Obesity

4) Inflammation

As there is Excess of Adipose Tissues they produce more androgens and Adipose tissue leads to jnflammation and Insulin resistance as well .Obesity also one of the main reason for PCOS.

Answer c)

*Obesity ,Hyperandrogenism and Insulin resistance contributes to overstimuation of immune system

*Also in PCOS low Progesterone Stimulate the Hypothalamic Pituitary axis and Stimulate Estrogen secretion which is associated with Formation of various autoantibodies

*Also it has been seen that PCOS and autoimmune diseases like SLE( Systemic Lupus erythematosus) and Hashimoto thyroiditis are seen together .

*Also Antibodies such as ANA and anti-TPO which are raised in systemic lupus erythematosus and Hashimoto thyroiditis, respectively are raised in PCOS.