The following substituents affect the reactivity of an aromatic compound. Indicate the effect(s) that each group has upon the electron density of the aryl ring. (a) Label ‘NI’ for no induction effect, ‘+I’ for induction pushing electron density into the ring, or ‘-I’ for induction pulling electron density out of the ring. (b) Label ‘NR’ for no resonance effect, ‘+R’ for resonance pushing electron density into the ring, or ‘-R’ for resonance pulling electron density out of the ring. (c) Indicate the effect each group has upon the reaction rate by labeling ‘A’ for activating and ‘D’ for deactivating.
The following substituents affect the reactivity of an aromatic compound. Indicate the effect(s) that each group...