Question

Question 3. Mention any four advantages each of the following terms (i) job shop production (ii) batch production (iii) mass production (iv) continuous production

Answer 1

Job Shop Production:

Job Shop Production is a manufacturing process where personalized or customised products are made as per the customers preference. Job shop production needs few highly skilled labour who operates on the machinery according to the product specification said by the customer. The flow of work depends on the product specifications. The operation sequences and operating time for each product could vary significantly according to the customer specifications For example: tailoring shop, a restaurant, sub-contractors who manufactures parts for big business. (Below image helps in explanation; Source: given)

Job Shop Small manufacturing systems that handle custom or bespoke processes. MACHINE MACHINE MACHINE D MACHINE MACHINE - MACHINE ACHINE MACHINE MACHINE 4 O Work in progress Work finished

                                                 (Image source: Wikipedia)

Advantages

1. Low initial investment- General purpose machinery – so initial setup cost is very less (Tailoring unit- Sewing machine set-up)

2. High flexibility in product manufacturing: The route in which the production will be carried out will be based on the product specification and machines can be easily added or removed according to each product design

3. Optimum utilization of machinery - As there are fewer machines used to make different types of customised products, the machines used to its optimum

4. High variety of quality products

5. Less monotony of work reduces employee boredom and increases motivation due to different challenging work

Batch Production

Production occurs in batches or lots.eg: Car manufacturing, shoes

Customer decides the required quantity for each batch

Semi-skilled or unskilled who can be trained can be used

Quantity generated is more than that of job shop production system and quality is based on the customer requirement

The end product cost will be lesser than Job shop production system

Advantages

1. Initial capital investment will be less

2. Reduce overall cost of products when compared to job shop

3. Less cost of labour as semi or unskilled labour is used who will be dealing with a particular task or a defined set of tasks.

4. Helps with the production of seasonal products.

5. Less inventory

6. Even though produced in batches it can be made according to the customer specifications

Mass Production

· Homogenous goods produced in large quantities. Creation of one product in mass quantity eg :fast food chains, manufacturing of beverages

· Continuous production is required

· Huge numbers of standardized products, often using assembly lines or automation technology.

· To maintain lowest possible cost by producing large quantities and gaining high profit margin.

Advantages

1. Low individual product cost of end product as large quantities been produced.

2. Less labour cost- Semi and unskilled labour

3. Less material cost as made in bulk

4. Goods receives high level automation which improves the precision in quality

5. Faster rate of production per unit

6. High level precision in production

Continuous production

· As the name says a product is produced continuously without interruption; 24*7. Eg. Steel manufacturing, Oil refinery, power stations

· People works in shifts.

· Mass, process, assembly are the types of continuous production

Advantages

1. Pre-defined roles for labours and efficient division of labour

2. More economical- As produced in large quantities minimum cost of production per unit

3. High accuracy because of the use of machinery

4. Consistency in the production process and any deviancy can be effectively handled due to the pre-determined process guidelines. So uniform quality of products

5. Strict quality control is exercised, any delay at any stage can be easily noticed