Question

According to the WHO there are two major types of skin reactions associated with hand hygiene. The first and most common type includes symptoms that can vary from quite mild to debilitating, including dryness, irritation, itching, and even cracking and bleeding. This array of symptoms is referred to as irritant contact dermatitis. The second type of skin reaction, allergic contact dermatitis, is rare and represents an allergy to some ingredient in a hand hygiene product. Symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis can also range from mild and localized to severe and generalized. In its most serious form, allergic contact dermatitis may be associated with respiratory distress and other symptoms of anaphylaxis. Therefore, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate between the two conditions.

Q2 Technique: Please discuss the reaction below and give the product that should be obtained. (250-300 words)

CH₃CHOHCH₃ or (CH₃)₂CHOH (99.9% IPA) +   (98% Aloe Vera gel) → Discuss Product

Answer 1

The reaction is useful to make  hand sanitizer. The rapid spread of coronavirus (or COVID-19) has people clearing out shelves of hand sanitizer. The Centers of Disease Control recommends washing your hands over using hand sanitizer, unless you don't have access to soap and water. Both the World Health Organization and the FDA have guidelines for making hand rubs (the agencies' term for hand sanitizer), but they are designed for medical professionals, not the average consumer. The WHO's official instructions call for denatured alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, glycerol (also known as glycerin), hydrogen peroxide and sterile water. You must measure the concentration of alcohol in the final product using an alcoholometer to ensure it is effective at killing germs and safe to use. The FDA recommends the WHO's formula, and echoes that adding additional active or inactive ingredients (such as aloe vera gel or essential oils) "may impact the quality and potency of the product."

Most of the countless recipes out there use a mix of 91% or 99% isopropyl alcohol (also known as rubbing alcohol) and aloe vera gel, which is necessary to add moisture to your skin because alcohol will dry it out. In these recipes, the typical ratio is two thirds rubbing alcohol to one third of a cup of aloe vera gel. This keeps the alcohol content around 60 percent. This is the minimum amount needed to kill most germs, according to the CDC..

Hand sanitizer recipe

What you’ll need:

• 3/4 cup of isopropyl or rubbing alcohol (99 percent)
• 1/4 cup of aloe vera gel (to help keep your hands smooth and to counteract the harshness of alcohol)
• 10 drops of essential oil, such as lavender oil, or you can use lemon juice instead

Directions:

• Pour all ingredients into a bowl, ideally one with a pouring spout like a glass measuring container.
• Mix with a spoon and then beat with a whisk to turn the sanitizer into a gel.
• Pour the ingredients into an empty bottle for easy use, and label it “hand sanitizer.”