a) 0.25 M HCl
[H3O+ ] = [HCl] = 0.25 M
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log0.25 = 0.6
Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0*10^-14
[OH-] = kW/[H3O+]
[OH-] = (1.0*10^-14)/0.25 = 4*10^-14 M
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = -log(4*10^-14) = 13.4
b)
[OH-] = 2*[Ba(OH)2] = 2*0.016 = 0.032 M
[OH-] = 0.032 m
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = -log(0.032) = 1.5
[H3O+ ] = kW/[OH-]
[H3O+] = (1.0*10^-14)/0.032
[H3O+] = 3.125*10^-13 M
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log(3.125*10^-13) = 12.5
c) HCN = weak acid
pH of weak acid = 1/2(pka-logC)
pka of HCN = 9.31
C = Concentration of HCN = 0.3 M
pH = 1/2(9.31-log0.3)
pH = 4.92
[H3O+] = 10^-pH
[H3O+] = 10^-4.92 = 1.2*10^-5 M
pOH = 14-pH
pOH = 14-4.92 = 9.08
[OH-] = 10^-pOH
[OH-] = 10^-9.08 = 8.32*10^-10 M
d)
[H3O+ ] = 2*[H2SO4] = 2*0.1 = 0.2 M
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log0.2 = 0.7
Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0*10^-14
[OH-] = kW/[H3O+]
[OH-] = (1.0*10^-14)/0.2 = 5*10^-14 M
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = -log(5*10^-14) = 13.3
e)
(CH3)2NH = weak base
pOH of weak base = 1/2(pkb-logC)
pkb of (CH3)2NH = 3.23
C = Concentration of (CH3)2NH = 2.0 M
pOH = 1/2(3.23-log2.0)
pOH = 1.46
[OH-] = 10^-pOH
[OH-] = 10^-1.46 = 0.035 M
pH = 14-pOH
pH = 14-1.46 = 12.54
[H3O+] = 10^-pH
[H3O+] = 10^-12.54 = 2.9*10^-13 M
f) NaClO = Basic salt
pH = 7+1/2(pka+logC)
pka of HClO = 7.54
C = concentration of NaClO = 1.0 M
pH = 7+1/2(7.54+log1.0)
pH = 10.77
[H3O+] = 10^-pH
[H3O+] = 10^-10.77 = 1.7*10^-11 M
pOH = 14-pH
pOH = 14-10.77 = 3.23
[OH-] = 10^-pOH
[OH-] = 10^-3.23 = 5.89*10^-4 M
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