Question

A) Choose one latitude from each the northern and southern hemispheres of your
interest below . Draw the local sky dome of the chosen latitude and all the lines and
positions of the following terminologies in your local sky dome:
Range of latitudes:
Northern hemisphere:
A (0), A1(15N), B(30N), C(45N), D(60N ), E(75N)
Southern Hemisphere:
F (5S), F1(25S), G(35S), H(50S), I(70)
Terminologies:
Zenith Horizon Meridian
Cardinal points (East,
West, North and
South)
North and/or South
celestial poles
Celestial equator
Ecliptic plane Position of the Sun on
21 Dec at noon
Position of the Sun
on 21 Mac at noon
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the declination of the Sun on 21 December?
2. What is the season at your interest latitude on 21 December?
3. What is the altitude of your North or South celestial pole from the horizon?
4. What is the altitude and azimuth of the Sun on 21 March and 21 December at
noon time relative to your chosen latitude?
5. Dra

A) Choose one latitude from each the northern and southern hemispheres of your interest below . Draw the local sky dome of the chosen latitude and all the lines and positions of the following terminologies in your local sky dome: Range of latitudes: Northern hemisphere: A (0), A1(15N), B(30N), C(45N), D(60N ), E(75N) Southern Hemisphere: F (5S), F1(25S), G(35S), H(508), I(70) Terminologies: Zenith Cardinal points (East, West, North and South) Ecliptic plane Horizon North and/or South celestial poles Meridian Celestial equator Position of the Sun on 21 Dec at noon Position of the Sun on 21 Mac at noon Answer the following questions: 1. What is the declination of the Sun on 21 December? 2. What is the season at your interest latitude on 21 December? 3. What is the altitude of your North or South celestial pole from the horizon? 4. What is the altitude and azimuth of the Sun on 21 March and 21 December at noon time relative to your chosen latitude? 5. Draw the path of diurnal motion of the Sun in the dome sky at your chosen latitude for 21 March and 21 December. Explain the length of day and night based on the diurnal path of the Sun. B) Write an article about archeoastronomy. Explain three monuments or tools or instruments, which relates the positioning or alignment of celestial objects such as sun. Provide also photos and descriptions or explanation on information of the date or in what century they have been created and their original place or country, in your article.

Answer 1

Answers:

A. We're choosing latitudes 30N and 25S.

Dedination of the sun on 21 December is - 23.45 the negative sign indicates sun rays falling on tropic et Capricorn on this day 2 the St is winter at 300 lahtude and I summer at 25s latitude 1 3 we know, altitude of celestial pole observers Lahtude. So, when we are at 30N latitude north celestial pole's altitude angle is. 30° 8 and when we are at 285 latitude south celestial bole's altitude angle is 25 4. We have the solar elevation angle formula as sind, = sin & sindt cos & cosdcash whore, &- elevation angle of sun. - local latitude & cuarent declination of the sun ho hour angle, in the local solartie Here, &= 30 tue because it is in narsan hemisphere] O on March 21 & - 23.45 on December 21 hao. at solar noon.

for March 21, inde – sir 30 sino t cos 30 cos o caso und = 3/2. as - 60 -solar altitude on March 21 For December 21, krag - sin 30 sin(-23.45) & cos 30 cos (-23.45) coso sinds - - 0.199 + 0.794 sina, = 0.595 de = 36.5 = solar altitude on December 21

B. Archaeoastronomy is the interdisciplinary subject which deals with understanding the study of astronomy in the past by people and how the study impacted their cultures. It involves usage of other disciplines like archaeology, anthropology, statistics and history by astronomers to understand the past studies.

Examples of monuments that relate the positioning or alignment of celestial objects include El Castillo Temple in the site of Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico and Stonehenge, Salisbury, England and Maeshowe, Orkney, Scotland. Unusual shadows are created in equinoxes in the El Castillo. According to some scientists, the main axis of Stonehenge faces the the horizon where the midsummer sun rises. The Maeshowe structure was built in such a way that the alignment with sun is more-or-less accurate.