Question

7.90 Rank the following elements in order of increasing ionization energy: Mg, P. O. 7.91 Use electron configurations to explain why more energy is required to remove an electron from a lithium atom than from a sodium atom. 7.93 Use electron configurations to explain why the ionization energy for fluorine is greater than that for oxygen. 7.95 Write balanced equations that represent the processes that correspond to the first and second ionization energies for magnesium. 7.96 Which ionization energy (IE. IE2, or IE) corresponds to the following process? AP'(g) AL(g) + 7.97 Which do you expect to have the higher third ionization energy, IE3, magnesium or aluminum? Explain. 7.99 Explain, in terms of ionization energies, why the following ions do not form under normal conditions. (a) F (b) Na (c) Ne 7.101 Rank the following elements in order of increasing atomic size: P, O, S. 7.102 Rank the following elements in order of increasing atomic size: Mg, P. O. 7.105 For each pair, identify the larger atom or ion. (a) Mg or Mg2+ (b)P or P3- 7.107 Which is the larger ion, Kor Ca?"? Explain 7.108 Which is the larger ion, S' or Cl? Explain

Answer 1

35 39 is? aš 287 73 fau1111 2p - In attain case of stable mg 2 state. eledions in Valence shely 7.90) mg 12 , 15², 25² 286 28² nu P >15 15² 25² 2po 38 3p3 11 11 11 0 -18° OLMg Alpe - In case of oxygen if 1 ē from ap is removed it ome half filled hence more chance for the removal of 4th e . (Hence IE also low ). of mg 2 eledrons in 35 if removed it will y For Phoe Phosphorous, it is in half filled state, so higher Energy is needed to remove electron. o<ng <P 7.91) Li-3 18² 25 Nash 13 25 28 3s' In Li nucleus can excert more more attractive attracuve force over valence electron of li. But in ease of Na, in between 25 2p orbitals are also there -Hence ener force of attraction is much lesser than that of li. Hence lower energy is needed to remove an é from Na. 7.93) F-9 - 15² 253 288 0-8 - 15² 23 2pt In case of fluorine it is better to gain 1 è and make its orbital completely filled rather than to remove 2 es to become half filled (stability is higher for ful filled). But in case of o, removal of Į é yields half filled stable configuration hence removal of és will be ease with lower It..