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Discuss the following: (10 points)  What type of data can be examined using the Chi-Squared...

Discuss the following: (10 points)
 What type of data can be examined using the Chi-Squared Test?
 What is the only constraint in using Chi-Squared Tests?
 What problems can be caused by the way the data have been grouped?

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Answer #1

a)

A Chi-square test is designed to analyse categorical data. We calculate frequencies of the categorical data and then use the Chi Square Test to test if there is association between the two categorical variables

b)

The assumptions associated with the chi-square test are: the data at hand must have been randomly selected (to minimize potential biases) and the variables must be nominal or ordinal.

c)

Chi-squared tests are only valid when we have reasonable sample size.

For 2x2 tables (ie only two categories in each variable):

· If the total sample size is greater than 40, Chi-square test can be used

· If the total sample size is between 20 and 40, and the smallest expected frequency is at least 5, Chi-square test can be used

· Otherwise Fisher's exact test must be used

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