(a) Consider the binary bit sequence, 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0...
(a) Consider the binary bit sequence, 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1.
(i) Draw the waveform for Manchester encoding.
(ii) Draw the waveform for HDB3 encoding. The first pulse is “-“.
(iii) Explain the weakness of Bipolar-AMI and how HDB3 overcomes the weakness.
Homework Answers
(i) Manchester Coding :
(ii) HDB3 - Scrambling Technique
Replace Consecutive 4 Zeros
Total number of non zero voltages
last known zero voltage level
case 1 - odd(+ive)
0 0 0 +ive (last known voltage level)
Case 2 : odd (-ive)
0 0 0 -ive (last known voltage level )
Case 3 : Even (+ive )
-ive 0 0 -ive (last known voltage level )
Case 4 : Even (-ive )
+ive 0 0 +ive (last known voltage level)
(iii) HDB3 is the European equivalent of B8ZS. It works in a similar way to HDB3 but uses 4 zeroes rather than 8. After the 4 zeros a violation will occur and the polarity is set to be the same as the previous positive bit, e.g. 000V. The use of violations in the signal give it extra 'edges' which makes synchronisation possible and data retrieval more accurate.
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