Question

Black bears (Ursus americanus), and their use of National Parks can be a problem for humans. Bear travels are governed by the need for food, as well as a high degree of natural curiosity. Some humans inadvertently or purposefully feed the bears, leading them to harass the human population. When bears become troublesome, one strategy is to transplant them – that is, take them far from home and hope they don't find their way back. In a study of the success of this transplantation strategy, researchers kept track of the troublesome bears' fate over the course of a 10-year period of transplantations. One question of interest was whether the strategy worked equally well for male and female bears. The relevant data are presented in the table below. The expected counts are shown in the parentheses next to the observed counts.

Black Bears: Transplantation Fate by Gender Gender Transplant Outcome FemaleRow Total Male 32 (26.8) 34 (43.3) 14 (9.9) Successful 17 (22.2) 45 (35.7) 49 Returned to capture Area Nuisance in another area 79 18 Column Total 80 146

Test the hypothesis that the transplant outcome and the gender of the population of troublesome bears are independent. For purposes of this question, you may assume that the captured bears are a random sample of the troublesome bear population. Your answer should show assumptions, hypotheses, and conclusions.

Answer 1

iien tlat Hole fere Toto O) lola 8o6 6 16 Cid Tota LE ) Co(- Col-2 Rero 2 I46 146 Ro-3 8xO86 8x66. IL16 11I6 To calae chi- squa?re test statisic we calulate lhis fo>ila on each (ett:

(obse sue d Count Ee cted (ouit) Expected count Obsesaved Count Epected Count (O-6) 32 26. 0.9880ai เว -1476 86 22-15 344 .q9 273 113, 288 니5 35.12 2 415 436 내 4.863 1,2.36 35 ר l03316 8.137 Degrees of peedom, dF=em-)čen: (3-1) ):2 0055.qa

メ0.05 has amea of o.05 toits 9ůght, To indん05, open Fnom column oo5 and get 5.qq To get p Value, we (an use excel function. Since test statistfie is gpreaten than coRf cal value, we 9gect null hypothesß. Pt5% level, thene9s Sufe lent evidence thal thansplant outcome and gerden one not Tnder pende nt, l.e, that toansplant out come ard gerde9n ane sig㎡ficantly associated