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16. A grammar can be expressed in BNF notation. There are two types of symbols in BNF expressions. Non-terminal symbols are typically A. Abstract concepts that need to be further defined B. The symbols that would appear in a grammar file C. The symbols that would appear in a source code file D. Metasymbols that are used by BNF grammar types to help describe rules 17. Which of the following scripting languages is a pure object-oriented language: A.. Ruby B. Python C. Perl D. JavaScript was: A. Smalltalk B. C++ C. Java

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Answer #1

16. Correct Answer: B. The symbols that would appear in a grammar file.

Explanation: Non-terminals are syntactic variables representing a set of strings that can be derived from the grammar.

17. Correct Answer: A. Ruby

Explanation: In a "purely" object-oriented language the objects communicate by message passing, and everything in the language should be an object.

Ruby is a pure object oriented scripting language, that means everything is an object.

18. Correct Answer: A. SmallTalk

Explanation: Smalltalk is the first programming language that fully supports object oriented programming. It was a dynamically typed, reflective language designed in 1970s.

Smalltalk introduced the language virtual machine, on which Java and Ruby are based. It was the first graphical language to support live programming and advanced debugging techniques.

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