Answering the first four questions as per Chegg policy
Answer 8: Option C
Explanation: An assumption is a proposition or argument that is taken for granted as though it were known to be valid.
Answer 9: Option B
Explanation: Creative thinking is not an obstacle to Critical thinking.
Answer 10: Option B
Explanation: Some far outside the normal would be considered an outlier.
Answer 11: Option D
Explanation: An invalid argument that is presented to appear valid is called Fallacy.
QUESTION 8 What is a propostion or claim that is taken for granted as though it...