Question

Cobol

LAMMING ASSIGNMENTS are (a) files, (b) records, in For Assements c which elements in the specified programs are a ords, (c) fields. d) numele a nunnumeric literals, and figurative consta 1. See Figure 1.10 in Chapter 1 2. See Figure 1.14 in Chapter 1 3. See Figure 1.15 in Chapter 1 Figure 1.14 Program ... IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAMID. PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENT DIVISION. INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION. 05 FILE-CONTROL. SELECT SALES-FILE ASSIGN TO DISKI. SELECT PRINT-FILE ASSIGN TO PRINTER. DATA DIVISION FILE SECTION. FO SALES-FILE. 01 SALES-REC. 05 NAME-IN PICTURE X(15). 05 AMOUNT-OF-SALES-IN PICTURE 999V99. FD PRINT-FILE. 01 PRINT-REC. 05 PICTURE X(20). 05 NAME-OUT PICTURE X(15). PICTURE X(20). 05 AMT-COMMISSION-OUT PICTURE 99.99 PICTURE X(72). WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 ARE THERE-MORE-RECORDS PICTURE XXX VALUE 'YES'. PROCEDURE DIVISION. 100-MAIN-MODULE OPEN INPUT SALES-FILE OUTPUT PRINT - FILE PERFORM UNTIL ARE - THERE-MORE-RECORDS 'NO READ SALES-FILE AT END MOVE 'NO' TO ARE THERE-MORE-RECORDS NOT AT END PERFORM 200-COMMISSION-RTN END-READ END-PERFORM CLOSE SALES-FILE PRINT-FILE STOP RUN. 200-COMMISSION-RTN. MOVE SPACES TO PRINT-REC MOVE NAME-IN TO NAME-OUT IF AMOUNT-OF-SALES-IN IS GREATER THAN 100.00 MULTIPLY.03 BY AMOUNT-OF-SALES-IN GIVING AMT-COMMISSION-OUT ELSE MULTIPLY .02 BY AMOUNT-OF-SALES IN GIVING AMT-COMMISSION-OUT END IF WRITE PRINT-REC.

Answer 1

In the given COBOL figure 1.14,

a) Files - In the given programme, there is only one file and the name of the file is SALES-FILE.

Files are used to handle large volume of data in the form of database objects. Files are identified by files names and they are user defined names.

b) Records - Records element in the above programme is SALE-REC.

Files are divided into records and they contain set of information. Records are also identified by record names and they are user defined names.

c) Fields - Fields elements in the above figure are NAME-IN, AMOUNT-OF-SALES-IN, NAME-OUT, AMT-COMMISSION-OUT

Records are further divided into fields. Fields are also identified by user defined names.

d) Numeric literals - 15, 20 and 72 are the numeric literals in the above program.

In COBOL, literals are constant data items. It consist of data. It cannot be referred by a name. Numeric literals can be formed with the help of digits only.

e) Non numeric literals - "YES" and "NO" are the 2 non numeric literals.

Non numeric literals are enclosed in between " ".

f) Figurative constants - There is no predefined constants in the above program.

In COBOL, figurative constants are predefined constants.