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Hey guys I need help understanding what's going on in the following for reactions. Any detail...

Hey guys I need help understanding what's going on in the following for reactions. Any detail you can provide to help me understand them better would be much appreciated. Here are some specific questions I have about them. Top left: I want to know what those reagents are actually doing, like each one of them what's their purpose in the reaction (including the heat, the H2NNH2, the KOH and also the long one at the bottom)? Why does the ketone get reduced completely while the carboxylic acid just loses an H ? Top right: How do those reagents take away the SO3H from the benzene ? What kind of reaction is that? Bottom: Can someone draw me the mechanism for that one, how does the ring open up like that, is it a carbonyl attack ? I want to say thank you in advance for your help, it's very much appreciated !

Hey guys I need help understanding what's going on

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Answer #1

Top right:

The mechanism for the removal of SO3H group can be drawn as

Bottom: This is an example of Friedle-Crafts acylation of succnic anhydride that proceeds via electrophilic aromatic substitution. Also this is not a carbonyl attack. The complete mechanism is drawn in the figure below

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