Question

1. Water : H₂O
2. 5% Sodium bicarbonate: NaHCO₃
3. 5% Sodium hydroxide: NaOH
4. 5% Hydrochloric acid: HCl
5. Diethyl ether: (C₂H₅)₂O
6. Dichloromethane: CH₂Cl₂

Which of the solvents from question #1 do(es) not contain water? Which of the solvents from question #1 is (are) basic?  Which of the solvents from question #1 is (are) acidic? Which of the solvents from question #1 is (are) neutral?

Answer 1

Answer:-

As we know that 5 % Sodium bicarbonate: NaHCO₃ means that 5 g NaHCO₃ dissolved in 100 mL water. and 5% Sodium hydroxide NaOH means that 5 g NaOHdissolved in 100 mL water. Similarly 5% Hydrochloric acid: HCl means that 5 g HCl dissolved in 100 mL water.

(I)- solvents from question #1 solvents do not contain water are as follows :-

1- Diethyl ether: (C₂H₅)₂O

2- Dichloromethane: CH₂Cl₂

above both solvents are organic solvents which are insoluble in water so they are completely free from water.

(II)- As we know that a base is that substance which gives OH^- ions when dissolved in water.

NaOH + H₂O Na⁺_(aq) + OH^-_(aq)

therefore solvent from question #1 solvent which is basic in nature is as follows :-

1- 5% Sodium hydroxide NaOH​​​​​​​

(III)- As we know that an acid is that substance which gives H⁺ or H₃O⁺ions when dissolved in water.

HCl + H₂O H₃O⁺_(aq) + Cl^-_(aq)

Also we know that an acid which can reacts with base to form salt and water.

So

HCl +    NaOH      NaCl + H₂O

acid base    salt water

similarly

NaHCO₃ + NaOH      Na₂CO₃ + H₂O

acid salt base salt water

therefore solvents from question #1 solvents which are acidic in nature are as follows :-

1- 5% Hydrochloric acid: HCl

2- 5% Sodium bicarbonate: NaHCO₃

(IV)- As we know that water (H₂O) is neutral solvent because its pH value is 7 which indicates that it is a neutral solvent it has equal no. of H⁺ and OH^- .

Also we know that organic solvents such as Diethyl ether: (C₂H₅)₂O and Dichloromethane: CH₂Cl₂ do not produce H⁺ or H₃O⁺ions and OH^- ions therefore they are neutral solvents

So

Solvents from question #1 solvents are neutral in nature are as follows :-

1- Diethyl ether: (C₂H₅)₂O

2- Dichloromethane: CH₂Cl₂

3-   water : H₂O

Answer 2

Answer:-

As we know that 5 % Sodium bicarbonate: NaHCO₃ means that 5 g NaHCO₃ dissolved in 100 mL water. and 5% Sodium hydroxide NaOH means that 5 g NaOHdissolved in 100 mL water. Similarly 5% Hydrochloric acid: HCl means that 5 g HCl dissolved in 100 mL water.

(I)- solvents from question #1 solvents do not contain water are as follows :-

1- Diethyl ether: (C₂H₅)₂O

2- Dichloromethane: CH₂Cl₂

above both solvents are organic solvents which are insoluble in water so they are completely free from water.

(II)- As we know that a base is that substance which gives OH^- ions when dissolved in water.

NaOH + H₂O Na⁺_(aq) + OH^-_(aq)

therefore solvent from question #1 solvent which is basic in nature is as follows :-

1- 5% Sodium hydroxide NaOH​​​​​​​

(III)- As we know that an acid is that substance which gives H⁺ or H₃O⁺ions when dissolved in water.

HCl + H₂O H₃O⁺_(aq) + Cl^-_(aq)

Also we know that an acid which can reacts with base to form salt and water.

So

HCl +    NaOH      NaCl + H₂O

acid base    salt water

similarly

NaHCO₃ + NaOH      Na₂CO₃ + H₂O

acid salt base salt water

therefore solvents from question #1 solvents which are acidic in nature are as follows :-

1- 5% Hydrochloric acid: HCl

2- 5% Sodium bicarbonate: NaHCO₃

(IV)- As we know that water (H₂O) is neutral solvent because its pH value is 7 which indicates that it is a neutral solvent it has equal no. of H⁺ and OH^- .

Also we know that organic solvents such as Diethyl ether: (C₂H₅)₂O and Dichloromethane: CH₂Cl₂ do not produce H⁺ or H₃O⁺ions and OH^- ions therefore they are neutral solvents

So

Solvents from question #1 solvents are neutral in nature are as follows :-

1- Diethyl ether: (C₂H₅)₂O

2- Dichloromethane: CH₂Cl₂

3-   water : H₂O