Question

• Write a paragraph or two that defines and contrasts definitions of population, sample, and parameter, descriptive and inferential statistics?
• Provide three examples of continuous variables and three examples of nominal variables.
• Identify the independent and dependent variables in the following scenario: A counselor is interested in knowing if one of the two different treatments she is using with depressed clients is more effective in reducing measures of depression in them.
• Provide an example of a simple frequency distribution.

Answer 1

1. Population is the collection of all individuals or items under consideration in a statistical study .

Sample is that part of the population from which information is collected .

Descriptive statistics consist of methods for organizing and summarizing information

Inferential statistics consist of methods for drawing and measuring the reliability of conclusions about population based on information obtained from a sample of the population .

A parameter is an unknown numerical summary of the population. A statistic is a known numerical summary of the sample which can be used to make inference about parameters

2.Continuous variables are: height, Temperature, Volume

3.Nominal variables are:Gender, Hair Color, Religion

4.Dependent variable in the scenario is: Measures of depression

Independent variable in the scenario is: Different treatments

5.These are the numbers of newspapers sold at a local shop over the last 10 days:

22, 20, 18, 23, 20, 25, 22, 20, 18, 20

Papers Sold	Frequency
18	2
19	0
20	4
21	0
22	2
23	1
24	0
25	1