Question

Multiple Choice

1.

A. Which European country in the 15th century provided the ideal environment for cryptography since it had many independent city-states, each trying to outmaneuver each other? Germany

Italy

England

France

B.

What is the difference between a code and a cipher?

  

there is no difference

a code deals with letters and a cipher deals with words

a code uses transposition whereas a cipher only uses substitution

a cipher deals with letters and a code deals with words

C.

A _________ attack is always possible against a symmetric cipher.

  side-channel

  brute-force

social engineering

mathematical

Answer 1

A. Italy

In Europe, cryptography became important due to political competition and religious revolution. In the 15th century, during and after the Renaissance, citizens of various italian states - the Papal states and the Roman Catholic Church included were responsible for rapid advancement of cryptographic techniques.

B. a cipher deals with letters and a code deals with words

In a code, each word is replaced with a code word or symbol whereas in a cipher, each letter is replaced by a cipher letter or symbol.

C. brute force

Symmetric ciphers use the same cryptographic key for encryption of plain text and decryption of cipher text. So we can always use brute force to try to decrypt the message with every possible key.